Ajax

你最好使用Prototype或jQuery这样的库。

集功能，食谱容易和简单

我准备了一组函数，它们在某种程度上是相似的，但如果你知道如何利用它，就会展示新的功能以及Javascript已经达到的简单性。

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让一些基本常数

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let data;
const URLAPI = "https://gorest.co.in/public/v1/users";
function setData(dt) {
    data = dt;
}

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最简单的

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// MOST SIMPLE ONE 
function makeRequest1() {       
    fetch(URLAPI)
        .then(response => response.json()).then( json => setData(json))
        .catch(error => console.error(error))
        .finally(() => {
            console.log("Data received 1 --> ", data);
            data = null;
    });
}

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使用承诺和异步工具的变化

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// ASYNC FUNCTIONS 
function makeRequest2() { 
    fetch(URLAPI)
        .then(async response => await response.json()).then(async json => await setData(json))
        .catch(error => console.error(error))
        .finally(() => {
            console.log("Data received 2 --> ", data);
            data = null;            
        });
}

function makeRequest3() {    
    fetch(URLAPI)
        .then(async response => await response.json()).then(json => setData(json))
        .catch(error => console.error(error))
        .finally(() => {
            console.log("Data received 3 --> ", data);
            data = null;
        });
}

// Better Promise usages
function makeRequest4() {
    const response = Promise.resolve(fetch(URLAPI).then(response => response.json())).then(json => setData(json) ).finally(()=> {
        console.log("Data received 4 --> ", data);

    })
}

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一个线性函数的演示!!

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// ONE LINER STRIKE ASYNC WRAPPER FUNCTION 
async function makeRequest5() {
    console.log("Data received 5 -->", await Promise.resolve(fetch(URLAPI).then(response => response.json().then(json => json ))) );
}

值得一提的是——> @Daniel De León可能是最干净的函数*

(async () =>
    console.log(
            (await (await fetch( URLAPI )).json())
            )
)();

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上面的答案-> By @tggagne显示了HttpClient API的功能。

使用Fetch也可以实现同样的效果。根据此使用MDN获取展示了如何将INIT作为第二个参数传递，基本上打开了使用经典方法(get, post…)轻松配置API的可能性。

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// Example POST method implementation:
async function postData(url = '', data = {}) {
  // Default options are marked with *
  const response = await fetch(url, {
    method: 'POST', // *GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.
    mode: 'cors', // no-cors, *cors, same-origin
    cache: 'no-cache', // *default, no-cache, reload, force-cache, only-if-cached
    credentials: 'same-origin', // include, *same-origin, omit
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json'
      // 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    },
    redirect: 'follow', // manual, *follow, error
    referrerPolicy: 'no-referrer', // no-referrer, *no-referrer-when-downgrade, origin, origin-when-cross-origin, same-origin, strict-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin, unsafe-url
    body: JSON.stringify(data) // body data type must match "Content-Type" header
  });
  return response.json(); // parses JSON response into native JavaScript objects
}

postData('https://example.com/answer', { answer: 42 })
  .then(data => {
    console.log(data); // JSON data parsed by `data.json()` call
  });

Node

在节点(服务器端)上无法获取

最简单的解决方案(2021年底)是使用Axios。

$ npm install axios

然后运行:

const axios = require('axios');
const request = async (url) => await (await axios.get( url ));
let response = request(URL).then(resp => console.log(resp.data));

jQuery:

$.get(
    "somepage.php",
    {paramOne : 1, paramX : 'abc'},
    function(data) {
       alert('page content: ' + data);
    }
);

<button type="button" onclick="loadXMLDoc()"> GET CONTENT</button>

 <script>
        function loadXMLDoc() {
            var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
            var url = "<Enter URL>";``
            xmlhttp.onload = function () {
                if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == "200") {
                    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = this.responseText;
                }
            }
            xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
            xmlhttp.send();
        }
    </script>

原型让它变得非常简单

new Ajax.Request( '/myurl', {
  method:  'get',
  parameters:  { 'param1': 'value1'},
  onSuccess:  function(response){
    alert(response.responseText);
  },
  onFailure:  function(){
    alert('ERROR');
  }
});

// Create a request variable and assign a new XMLHttpRequest object to it.
var request = new XMLHttpRequest()

// Open a new connection, using the GET request on the URL endpoint
request.open('GET', 'restUrl', true)

request.onload = function () {
  // Begin accessing JSON data here
}

// Send request
request.send()