在Mountain Lion上，所有的/etc/paths和/etc/launchd.conf编辑都不起任何作用!

苹果的开发者论坛说:

“更改信息。.app本身的plist包含一个“lsenvirenvironment” 带有所需环境变量的字典。 ~ / .MacOSX /环境。不再支持Plist。”

所以我直接编辑了应用程序的信息。plist(右击“AppName. plist”)app”(在本例中是SourceTree)，然后是“显示包内容”)。

我添加了一个新的键/字典对，称为:

<key>LSEnvironment</key>
<dict>
     <key>PATH</key>
     <string>/Users/flori/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362/bin:/Users/flori/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p362@global/bin:/Users/flori/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p326/bin:/Users/flori/.rvm/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:</string>
</dict>

(参见苹果的LaunchServicesKeys文档)

现在应用程序(在我的例子中是Sourcetree)使用给定的路径并使用Git 1.9.3:-)

PS:当然，您必须调整路径条目以满足您特定的路径需求。

在处理时，基本上有两个问题需要解决 第一个是在调用程序时 来自Spotlight (Mac右侧的放大镜图标) 菜单/状态栏)，第二个是从Dock调用程序。 从终端应用程序/实用程序调用程序非常简单 因为它从标准shell位置读取环境 (~ /。简介~ /。bash_profile、~ /。bashrc,(等等)。

当从Dock调用程序时，使用~/.MacOSX/environment.plist <dict>元素包含序列 <键>键< /关键> <字符串> < /字符串>价值元素。

当从Spotlight调用程序时，确保launchd已经启动 设置所需的所有键/值设置。

To solve both problems simultaneously, I use a login item (set via the System Preferences tool) on my User account. The login item is a bash script that invokes an Emacs lisp function although one can of course use their favorite scripting tool to accomplish the same thing. This approach has the added benefit that it works at any time and does not require a reboot, i.e. one can edit ~/.profile, run the login item in some shell and have the changes visible for newly invoked programs, from either the Dock or Spotlight.

细节:

登录项:~/bin/macosx-startup

#!/bin/bash
bash -l -c "/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs --batch -l ~/lib/emacs/elisp/macosx/environment-support.el -f generate-environment"

Emacs的lisp功能:~/lib/ Emacs /elisp/macosx/ environment -support.el

;;; Provide support for the environment on Mac OS X

(defun generate-environment ()
  "Dump the current environment into the ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist file."
  ;; The system environment is found in the global variable:
  ;; 'initial-environment' as a list of "KEY=VALUE" pairs.
  (let ((list initial-environment)
        pair start command key value)
    ;; clear out the current environment settings
    (find-file "~/.MacOSX/environment.plist")
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (setq start (search-forward "<dict>\n"))
    (search-forward "</dict>")
    (beginning-of-line)
    (delete-region start (point))
    (while list
      (setq pair (split-string (car list) "=")
            list (cdr list))
      (setq key (nth 0 pair)
            value (nth 1 pair))
      (insert "  <key>" key "</key>\n")
      (insert "  <string>" value "</string>\n")

      ;; Enable this variable in launchd
      (setq command (format "launchctl setenv %s \"%s\"" key value))
      (shell-command command))
    ;; Save the buffer.
    (save-buffer)))

注意:这个解决方案是在我添加我的解决方案之前的一个混合体，特别是由Matt Curtis提供的解决方案，但我故意试图保持我的~/。bash_profile独立于内容平台，并将launchd环境(Mac专用工具)的设置放到单独的脚本中。

我认为OP正在寻找一个简单的，类似windows的解决方案。

给你:

http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/system_disk_utilities/environmentvariablepreferencepane.html

2月2022日(MacOs 12+)

这里的解决方案应该在重新启动或应用程序重新启动后工作。

CLI

打开所选配置文件的CLI。

为bash打开~/.bash_profile 为zsh打开~/.zshrc

添加(或替换)

export varName=varValue 

(如果varValue中有空格-将其包装成")

确保重新启动命令行应用程序。

GUI

完成CLI步骤。 确保GUI应用程序关闭。 从命令行打开GUI应用程序。例如:

open /Applications/Sourcetree.app

(你也可以在.zshrc文件中使用这个命令的别名)

原则

Mac没有为所有上下文设置环境变量的配置选项。 避免更改用户配置文件之外的任何内容。

已经不管用了

(MacOS 12.1+) 编辑/etc/launchd.conf 带有plist后缀的XML文件

虽然这里的答案并不是“错误的”，但我还要补充一点:永远不要在OS X中改变影响“所有进程”的环境变量，甚至在shell之外，也不要影响给定用户交互运行的所有进程。

In my experience, global changes to environment variables like PATH for all processes are even more likely to break things on OS X than on Windows. Reason being, lots of OS X applications and other software (including, perhaps especially, components of the OS itself) rely on UNIX command-line tools under the hood, and assume the behavior of the versions of these tools provided with the system, and don't necessarily use absolute paths when doing so (similar comments apply to dynamically-loaded libraries and DYLD_* environment variables). Consider, for instance, that the highest-rated answers to various Stack Overflow questions about replacing OS X-supplied versions of interpreters like Python and Ruby generally say "don't do this."

OS X is really no different than other UNIX-like operating systems (e.g., Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris) in this respect; the most likely reason Apple doesn't provide an easy way to do this is because it breaks things. To the extent Windows isn't as prone to these problems, it's due to two things: (1) Windows software doesn't tend to rely on command-line tools to the extent that UNIX software does, and (2) Microsoft has had such an extensive history of both "DLL hell" and security problems caused by changes that affect all processes that they've changed the behavior of dynamic loading in newer Windows versions to limit the impact of "global" configuration options like PATH.

不管“蹩脚”与否，如果您将这些更改限制在较小的范围内，您将拥有一个更加稳定的系统。

在追逐环境变量首选项窗格后，发现链接已经损坏，在苹果网站上搜索似乎表明他们已经忘记了它……我开始回到难以捉摸的发射过程。

在我的系统(Mac OS X 10.6.8)上，似乎在环境中定义的变量。plist被可靠地导出到从Spotlight启动的应用程序(通过launchd)。我的问题是，这些变量没有被导出到终端中的新bash会话。也就是说，我的问题与这里描述的相反。

注:环境。如前所述，plist看起来像JSON，而不是XML

我可以通过编辑~/MacOSX/environment让Spotlight应用程序看到变量。plist和 我能够通过在我的.profile文件中添加以下内容将相同的vars强制到一个新的Terminal会话中:

eval $(launchctl export)