++i比i++快，因为它不返回值的旧副本。

它也更直观:

x = i++;  // x contains the old value of i
y = ++i;  // y contains the new value of i 

这个C语言的例子输出的是“02”而不是你所期望的“12”:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){
    int a = 0;
    printf("%d", a++);
    printf("%d", ++a);
    return 0;
}

c++也是一样:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int a = 0;
    cout << a++;
    cout << ++a;
    return 0;
}

谷歌c++风格指南说:

Preincrement and Predecrement Use prefix form (++i) of the increment and decrement operators with iterators and other template objects. Definition: When a variable is incremented (++i or i++) or decremented (--i or i--) and the value of the expression is not used, one must decide whether to preincrement (decrement) or postincrement (decrement). Pros: When the return value is ignored, the "pre" form (++i) is never less efficient than the "post" form (i++), and is often more efficient. This is because post-increment (or decrement) requires a copy of i to be made, which is the value of the expression. If i is an iterator or other non-scalar type, copying i could be expensive. Since the two types of increment behave the same when the value is ignored, why not just always pre-increment? Cons: The tradition developed, in C, of using post-increment when the expression value is not used, especially in for loops. Some find post-increment easier to read, since the "subject" (i) precedes the "verb" (++), just like in English. Decision: For simple scalar (non-object) values there is no reason to prefer one form and we allow either. For iterators and other template types, use pre-increment.

有意的问题是关于什么时候结果是未使用的(这从C的问题中很明显)。有人能解决这个问题吗，因为这个问题是“社区维基”?

关于过早优化，Knuth经常被引用。这是正确的。但是Donald Knuth永远不会用你现在看到的那些可怕的代码来辩护。见过Java整数(不是int)中的a = b + c吗?这相当于3次装箱/开箱转换。避免这样的事情很重要。无用地写i++而不是++i也是同样的错误。 编辑:正如phresnel在评论中所言，这可以总结为“过早的优化是邪恶的，过早的悲观也是”。

甚至人们更习惯于i++这一事实也是一个不幸的C遗产，是由K&R的一个概念错误造成的(如果你遵循意图论点，这是一个合乎逻辑的结论;为K&R辩护因为他们是K&R是毫无意义的，他们很伟大，但作为语言设计师他们并不伟大;C设计中存在无数错误，从gets()到strcpy()，再到strncpy() API(它应该从第一天开始就有strlcpy() API)。

顺便说一句，我是那些不太习惯c++的人之一，觉得c++ I读起来很烦人。尽管如此，我仍然使用它，因为我承认它是正确的。

既然你也要求c++，下面是java的基准测试(用jmh制作):

private static final int LIMIT = 100000;

@Benchmark
public void postIncrement() {
    long a = 0;
    long b = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++) {
        b = 3;
        a += i * (b++);
    }
    doNothing(a, b);
}

@Benchmark
public void preIncrement() {
    long a = 0;
    long b = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < LIMIT; i++) {
        b = 3;
        a += i * (++b);
    }
    doNothing(a, b);
}  

结果表明，即使在某些计算中实际使用了增量变量(b)的值，迫使需要存储额外的值以防止后增量，每个操作的时间也完全相同:

Benchmark                         Mode  Cnt  Score   Error  Units
IncrementBenchmark.postIncrement  avgt   10  0,039   0,001  ms/op
IncrementBenchmark.preIncrement   avgt   10  0,039   0,001  ms/op

@Ketan

.．.加薪忽略了关于意图和性能的细节。有时我们想用iter++而不是++iter。

Obviously post and pre-increment have different semantics and I'm sure everyone agrees that when the result is used you should use the appropriate operator. I think the question is what should one do when the result is discarded (as in for loops). The answer to this question (IMHO) is that, since the performance considerations are negligible at best, you should do what is more natural. For myself ++i is more natural but my experience tells me that I'm in a minority and using i++ will cause less metal overhead for most people reading your code.

毕竟，这就是语言不叫“c++ C”的原因。[*]

[*]插入关于c++ C是一个更合乎逻辑的名称的必要讨论。

是时候给人们提供智慧的宝石了;)-有一个简单的技巧可以让c++的后缀增量表现得和前缀增量几乎一样(为自己发明的，但我在其他人的代码中也看到了它，所以我不是一个人)。

基本上，诀窍是在返回后使用helper类来延迟增量，然后RAII来拯救

#include <iostream>

class Data {
    private: class DataIncrementer {
        private: Data& _dref;

        public: DataIncrementer(Data& d) : _dref(d) {}

        public: ~DataIncrementer() {
            ++_dref;
        }
    };

    private: int _data;

    public: Data() : _data{0} {}

    public: Data(int d) : _data{d} {}

    public: Data(const Data& d) : _data{ d._data } {}

    public: Data& operator=(const Data& d) {
        _data = d._data;
        return *this;
    }

    public: ~Data() {}

    public: Data& operator++() { // prefix
        ++_data;
        return *this;
    }

    public: Data operator++(int) { // postfix
        DataIncrementer t(*this);
        return *this;
    }

    public: operator int() {
        return _data;
    }
};

int
main() {
    Data d(1);

    std::cout <<   d << '\n';
    std::cout << ++d << '\n';
    std::cout <<   d++ << '\n';
    std::cout << d << '\n';

    return 0;
}

Invented用于一些繁重的自定义迭代器代码，它减少了运行时间。前缀vs后缀的成本现在是一个参考，如果这是自定义操作符做大量的移动，前缀和后缀产生了相同的运行时为我。