如果您正在使用Java 8，并且愿意编写一些可重用的方法，那么可以在一行中完成。

private Map<String, List<String>> parse(final String query) {
    return Arrays.asList(query.split("&")).stream().map(p -> p.split("=")).collect(Collectors.toMap(s -> decode(index(s, 0)), s -> Arrays.asList(decode(index(s, 1))), this::mergeLists));
}

private <T> List<T> mergeLists(final List<T> l1, final List<T> l2) {
    List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
    list.addAll(l1);
    list.addAll(l2);
    return list;
}

private static <T> T index(final T[] array, final int index) {
    return index >= array.length ? null : array[index];
}

private static String decode(final String encoded) {
    try {
        return encoded == null ? null : URLDecoder.decode(encoded, "UTF-8");
    } catch(final UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Impossible: UTF-8 is a required encoding", e);
    }
}

但这是一条很残酷的线。

在Android上，android.net包中有一个Uri类。注意，Uri是android.net的一部分，而Uri是java.net的一部分。

Uri类有许多从查询中提取键值对的函数。

下面的函数以HashMap的形式返回键值对。

在Java中:

Map<String, String> getQueryKeyValueMap(Uri uri){
    HashMap<String, String> keyValueMap = new HashMap();
    String key;
    String value;

    Set<String> keyNamesList = uri.getQueryParameterNames();
    Iterator iterator = keyNamesList.iterator();

    while (iterator.hasNext()){
        key = (String) iterator.next();
        value = uri.getQueryParameter(key);
        keyValueMap.put(key, value);
    }
    return keyValueMap;
}

在芬兰湾的科特林:

fun getQueryKeyValueMap(uri: Uri): HashMap<String, String> {
        val keyValueMap = HashMap<String, String>()
        var key: String
        var value: String

        val keyNamesList = uri.queryParameterNames
        val iterator = keyNamesList.iterator()

        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            key = iterator.next() as String
            value = uri.getQueryParameter(key) as String
            keyValueMap.put(key, value)
        }
        return keyValueMap
    }

Kotlin的答案，最初参考https://stackoverflow.com/a/51024552/3286489，但通过整理代码和提供2个版本的改进版本，并使用不可变的集合操作

使用java.net.URI提取查询。然后使用下面提供的扩展函数

假设你只想要查询的最后一个值，即page2&page3将得到{page=3}，使用下面的扩展函数

    fun URI.getQueryMap(): Map<String, String> {
        if (query == null) return emptyMap()

        return query.split("&")
                .mapNotNull { element -> element.split("=")
                        .takeIf { it.size == 2 && it.none { it.isBlank() } } }
                .associateBy({ it[0].decodeUTF8() }, { it[1].decodeUTF8() })
    }

    private fun String.decodeUTF8() = URLDecoder.decode(this, "UTF-8") // decode page=%22ABC%22 to page="ABC"

假设你想要查询所有值的列表，即page2&page3将得到{page=[2,3]}

    fun URI.getQueryMapList(): Map<String, List<String>> {
        if (query == null) return emptyMap()

        return query.split("&")
                .distinct()
                .mapNotNull { element -> element.split("=")
                        .takeIf { it.size == 2 && it.none { it.isBlank() } } }
                .groupBy({ it[0].decodeUTF8() }, { it[1].decodeUTF8() })
    }

    private fun String.decodeUTF8() = URLDecoder.decode(this, "UTF-8") // decode page=%22ABC%22 to page="ABC"

使用方法如下

    val uri = URI("schema://host/path/?page=&page=2&page=2&page=3")
    println(uri.getQueryMapList()) // Result is {page=[2, 3]}
    println(uri.getQueryMap()) // Result is {page=3}

一种现成的URI查询部分解码解决方案(包括解码和多参数值)

评论

我对https://stackoverflow.com/a/13592567/1211082中@Pr0gr4mm3r提供的代码不满意。基于流的解决方案不做URLDecoding，可变版本的笨拙。

因此，我阐述了一个解决方案

Can decompose a URI query part into a Map<String, List<Optional<String>>> Can handle multiple values for the same parameter name Can represent parameters without a value properly (Optional.empty() instead of null) Decodes parameter names and values correctly via URLdecode Is based on Java 8 Streams Is directly usable (see code including imports below) Allows for proper error handling (here via turning a checked exception UnsupportedEncodingExceptioninto a runtime exception RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException that allows interplay with stream. (Wrapping regular function into functions throwing checked exceptions is a pain. And Scala Try is not available in the Java language default.)

Java代码

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.*;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;

public class URIParameterDecode {
    /**
     * Decode parameters in query part of a URI into a map from parameter name to its parameter values.
     * For parameters that occur multiple times each value is collected.
     * Proper decoding of the parameters is performed.
     * 
     * Example
     *   <pre>a=1&b=2&c=&a=4</pre>
     * is converted into
     *   <pre>{a=[Optional[1], Optional[4]], b=[Optional[2]], c=[Optional.empty]}</pre>
     * @param query the query part of an URI 
     * @return map of parameters names into a list of their values.
     *         
     */
    public static Map<String, List<Optional<String>>> splitQuery(String query) {
        if (query == null || query.isEmpty()) {
            return Collections.emptyMap();
        }

        return Arrays.stream(query.split("&"))
                    .map(p -> splitQueryParameter(p))
                    .collect(groupingBy(e -> e.get0(), // group by parameter name
                            mapping(e -> e.get1(), toList())));// keep parameter values and assemble into list
    }

    public static Pair<String, Optional<String>> splitQueryParameter(String parameter) {
        final String enc = "UTF-8";
        List<String> keyValue = Arrays.stream(parameter.split("="))
                .map(e -> {
                    try {
                        return URLDecoder.decode(e, enc);
                    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
                        throw new RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException(ex);
                    }
                }).collect(toList());

        if (keyValue.size() == 2) {
            return new Pair(keyValue.get(0), Optional.of(keyValue.get(1)));
        } else {
            return new Pair(keyValue.get(0), Optional.empty());
        }
    }

    /** Runtime exception (instead of checked exception) to denote unsupported enconding */
    public static class RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException extends RuntimeException {
        public RuntimeUnsupportedEncodingException(Throwable cause) {
            super(cause);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pair of two elements
     * @param <U> first element
     * @param <V> second element
     */
    public static class Pair<U, V> {
        U a;
        V b;

        public Pair(U u, V v) {
            this.a = u;
            this.b = v;
        }

        public U get0() {
            return a;
        }

        public V get1() {
            return b;
        }
    }
}

Scala代码

．.． 为了完整起见，我忍不住要用Scala提供简洁美观的解决方案

import java.net.URLDecoder

object Decode {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val input = "a=1&b=2&c=&a=4";
    println(separate(input))
  }

  def separate(input: String) : Map[String, List[Option[String]]] = {
    case class Parameter(key: String, value: Option[String])

    def separateParameter(parameter: String) : Parameter =
      parameter.split("=")
               .map(e => URLDecoder.decode(e, "UTF-8")) match {
      case Array(key, value) =>  Parameter(key, Some(value))
      case Array(key) => Parameter(key, None)
    }

    input.split("&").toList
      .map(p => separateParameter(p))
      .groupBy(p => p.key)
      .mapValues(vs => vs.map(p => p.value))
  }
}

Eclipse Jersey REST框架通过UriComponent支持这一点。例子:

import org.glassfish.jersey.uri.UriComponent;

String uri = "https://google.com.ua/oauth/authorize?client_id=SS&response_type=code&scope=N_FULL&access_type=offline&redirect_uri=http://localhost/Callback";
MultivaluedMap<String, String> params = UriComponent.decodeQuery(URI.create(uri), true);
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
  System.out.println(key + ": " + params.getFirst(key));
}

Hutool框架通过HttpUtil来支持这一点。例子:

import cn.hutool.http.HttpUtil;

    String url ="https://google.com.ua/oauth/authorize?client_id=SS&response_type=code&scope=N_FULL&access_type=offline&redirect_uri=http://localhost/Callback";
    Map<String, List<String>> stringListMap = HttpUtil.decodeParams(url, "UTF-8");
    System.out.println("decodeParams：" + stringListMap);

你会得到:

decodeParams：{client_id=[SS], response_type=[code], scope=[N_FULL], access_type=[offline], redirect_uri=[http://localhost/Callback]}