你不能使用final对象初始化const对象。例如:

  final myConst = 1;
  const myFinal = 2;

  final a = myConst; // possible
  final b = myFinal; // possible
  const c = myConst; // this is not possible
  const d = myFinal; // possible

编译时不知道的任何东西都应该在const上使用final。

具有final关键字的变量将在运行时初始化，并且只能分配一次。

带有const关键字的变量在编译时初始化，在运行时已经赋值。

使用final:如果你不知道它在编译时的值是多少。例如，当您需要从API获取数据时，就会在运行代码时发生这种情况。 使用const:如果您确定在运行代码时不会更改某个值。例如，当你声明一个始终保持不变的句子。

如果你来自c++，那么Dart中的const在c++中是constexpr，而Dart中的final在c++中是const。

以上内容仅适用于基本类型。 然而在Dart中，标记为final的对象在其成员方面是可变的。

通过@Meyi扩展答案

final variable can only be set once and it is initialized when accessed.(for example from code section below if you use the value of biggestNumberOndice only then the value will be initialized and memory will be assigned). const is internally final in nature but the main difference is that its compile time constant which is initialized during compilation even if you don't use its value it will get initialized and will take space in memory. Variable from classes can be final but not constant and if you want a constant at class level make it static const.

代码:

void main() {

    // final demonstration
    final biggestNumberOndice = '6';
    //  biggestNumberOndice = '8';     // Throws an error for reinitialization

    // const
    const smallestNumberOnDice = 1;

}

class TestClass {

    final biggestNumberOndice = '6';

    //const smallestNumberOnDice = 1;  //Throws an error
    //Error .  only static fields can be declared as constants.

    static const smallestNumberOnDice = 1;
}

Const表示它的初始值必须是固定的，不能是动态值;

Final意味着它的初始值必须是固定的，但可以是一个动态值，等于具有固定值的var。

代码演示

常量

void main() {
  const sum = 1 + 2;
  // ✅ const can not change its value
  print("sum = ${sum}");
  // ⚠️ Const variables must be initialized with a constant value.
  const time = new DateTime.now();
  // ❌ Error: New expression is not a constant expression.
  print("time = ${time}");
}

最后

// new DateTime.now();
// dynamic timestamp

void main() {
  final sum = 1 + 2;
  // ✅ final can not change its value
  print("sum = ${sum}");
  final time = new DateTime.now();
  // ✅ final === var with fixed value
  print("time = ${time}");
}

截图

refs

https://dart.dev/guides/language/language-tour#final-and-const