我似乎无法编辑顶部的帖子，所以我将在这里添加我的答案。

对于主机名——简单答案，在这里的egrep示例中——http: //www.linuxinsight.com/how_to_grep_for_ip_addresses_using_the_gnu_egrep_utility.html

egrep '([[:digit:]]{1,3}\.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3}'

尽管这种情况不包括拳头八位元中的0，以及大于254 (ip地址)或255(网络掩码)的值。也许附加一个if语句会有所帮助。

至于合法的dns主机名，如果你只检查互联网主机名(而不是内部网)，我写了下面的剪辑，shell/php的混合，但它应该适用于任何正则表达式。

首先去ietf网站，下载并解析一个合法的一级域名列表:

tld=$(curl -s http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt |  sed 1d  | cut -f1 -d'-' | tr '\n' '|' | sed 's/\(.*\)./\1/')
echo "($tld)"

这应该给你一个很好的重新代码，检查顶级域名的合法性，如。com .org或。ca

然后根据这里找到的准则添加表达式的第一部分——http: //www.domainit.com/support/faq.mhtml?category=Domain_FAQ&question=9(任何字母数字组合和'-'符号，破折号不应该出现在八位体的开头或结尾。

(([a-z0-9]+|([a-z0-9]+[-]+[a-z0-9]+))[.])+

然后把它们放在一起(PHP preg_match的例子):

$pattern = '/^(([a-z0-9]+|([a-z0-9]+[-]+[a-z0-9]+))[.])+(AC|AD|AE|AERO|AF|AG|AI|AL|AM|AN|AO|AQ|AR|ARPA|AS|ASIA|AT|AU|AW|AX|AZ|BA|BB|BD|BE|BF|BG|BH|BI|BIZ|BJ|BM|BN|BO|BR|BS|BT|BV|BW|BY|BZ|CA|CAT|CC|CD|CF|CG|CH|CI|CK|CL|CM|CN|CO|COM|COOP|CR|CU|CV|CX|CY|CZ|DE|DJ|DK|DM|DO|DZ|EC|EDU|EE|EG|ER|ES|ET|EU|FI|FJ|FK|FM|FO|FR|GA|GB|GD|GE|GF|GG|GH|GI|GL|GM|GN|GOV|GP|GQ|GR|GS|GT|GU|GW|GY|HK|HM|HN|HR|HT|HU|ID|IE|IL|IM|IN|INFO|INT|IO|IQ|IR|IS|IT|JE|JM|JO|JOBS|JP|KE|KG|KH|KI|KM|KN|KP|KR|KW|KY|KZ|LA|LB|LC|LI|LK|LR|LS|LT|LU|LV|LY|MA|MC|MD|ME|MG|MH|MIL|MK|ML|MM|MN|MO|MOBI|MP|MQ|MR|MS|MT|MU|MUSEUM|MV|MW|MX|MY|MZ|NA|NAME|NC|NE|NET|NF|NG|NI|NL|NO|NP|NR|NU|NZ|OM|ORG|PA|PE|PF|PG|PH|PK|PL|PM|PN|PR|PRO|PS|PT|PW|PY|QA|RE|RO|RS|RU|RW|SA|SB|SC|SD|SE|SG|SH|SI|SJ|SK|SL|SM|SN|SO|SR|ST|SU|SV|SY|SZ|TC|TD|TEL|TF|TG|TH|TJ|TK|TL|TM|TN|TO|TP|TR|TRAVEL|TT|TV|TW|TZ|UA|UG|UK|US|UY|UZ|VA|VC|VE|VG|VI|VN|VU|WF|WS|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|XN|YE|YT|YU|ZA|ZM|ZW)[.]?$/i';

    if (preg_match, $pattern, $matching_string){
    ... do stuff
    }

您可能还想添加一个if语句来检查要检查的字符串是否小于256个字符——http://www.ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2003/msg00964.html

/^(?:[a-zA-Z0-9]+|[a-zA-Z0-9][-a-zA-Z0-9]+[a-zA-Z0-9])(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9]+|[a-zA-Z0-9][-a-zA-Z0-9]+[a-zA-Z0-9])?$/

您可以单独使用下列正则表达式，也可以将它们组合在一个联合或表达式中使用。

ValidIpAddressRegex = "^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$";

ValidHostnameRegex = "^(([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])\.)*([A-Za-z0-9]|[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])$";

valididpaddressregex匹配有效的IP地址，ValidHostnameRegex匹配有效的主机名。根据您使用的语言，\可能必须用\进行转义。

ValidHostnameRegex根据RFC 1123有效。最初，RFC 952规定主机名段不能以数字开头。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname

原规格 RFC中的主机名 952年, 规定标签不能开始 用数字或连字符，和 不能以连字符结尾。然而,一个 后续规范(RFC 1123) 允许启动主机名标签 与数字。

Valid952HostnameRegex = "^(([a-zA-Z]|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])\.)*([A-Za-z]|[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])$";

Regarding IP addresses, it appears that there is some debate on whether to include leading zeros. It was once the common practice and is generally accepted, so I would argue that they should be flagged as valid regardless of the current preference. There is also some ambiguity over whether text before and after the string should be validated and, again, I think it should. 1.2.3.4 is a valid IP but 1.2.3.4.5 is not and neither the 1.2.3.4 portion nor the 2.3.4.5 portion should result in a match. Some of the concerns can be handled with this expression:

grep -E '(^|[^[:alnum:]+)(([0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])([^[:alnum:]]|$)' 

The unfortunate part here is the fact that the regex portion that validates an octet is repeated as is true in many offered solutions. Although this is better than for instances of the pattern, the repetition can be eliminated entirely if subroutines are supported in the regex being used. The next example enables those functions with the -P switch of grep and also takes advantage of lookahead and lookbehind functionality. (The function name I selected is 'o' for octet. I could have used 'octet' as the name but wanted to be terse.)

grep -P '(?<![\d\w\.])(?<o>([0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(\.\g<o>){3}(?![\d\w\.])'

如果IP地址在一个包含句子形式文本的文件中，那么点号的处理实际上可能会产生错误的否定，因为句号可以跟在后面，而不是点号符号的一部分。上面的一个变体可以修复这个问题:

grep -P '(?<![\d\w\.])(?<x>([0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(\.\g<x>){3}(?!([\d\w]|\.\d))'

def isValidHostname(hostname):

    if len(hostname) > 255:
        return False
    if hostname[-1:] == ".":
        hostname = hostname[:-1]   # strip exactly one dot from the right,
                                   #  if present
    allowed = re.compile("(?!-)[A-Z\d-]{1,63}(?<!-)$", re.IGNORECASE)
    return all(allowed.match(x) for x in hostname.split("."))

下面是我在Ant中用于从ANT_OPTS中获取代理主机IP或主机名的正则表达式。这用于获取代理IP，以便在为fork JVM配置代理之前运行Ant“isreachable”测试。

^.*-Dhttp\.proxyHost=(\w{1,}\.\w{1,}\.\w{1,}\.*\w{0,})\s.*$