我最近做了一个如何在c#中使用事件的例子，并发布在我的博客上。我用了一个简单的例子，尽量把它讲清楚。如果它可能帮助任何人，这里是:http://www.konsfik.com/using-events-in-csharp/

它包括描述和源代码(带有大量注释)，主要关注事件和事件处理程序的正确使用(类似模板)。

一些要点是:

Events are like "sub - types of delegates", only more constrained (in a good way). In fact an event's declaration always includes a delegate (EventHandlers are a type of delegate). Event Handlers are specific types of delegates (you may think of them as a template), which force the user to create events which have a specific "signature". The signature is of the format: (object sender, EventArgs eventarguments). You may create your own sub-class of EventArgs, in order to include any type of information the event needs to convey. It is not necessary to use EventHandlers when using events. You may completely skip them and use your own kind of delegate in their place. One key difference between using events and delegates, is that events can only be invoked from within the class that they were declared in, even though they may be declared as public. This is a very important distinction, because it allows your events to be exposed so that they are "connected" to external methods, while at the same time they are protected from "external misuse".

我同意KE50的观点，除了我认为'event'关键字是'ActionCollection'的别名，因为事件包含了要执行的操作的集合(例如。委托)。

using System;

namespace test{

class MyTestApp{
    //The Event Handler declaration
    public delegate void EventAction();

    //The Event Action Collection 
    //Equivalent to 
    //  public List<EventAction> EventActions=new List<EventAction>();
    //        
    public event EventAction EventActions;

    //An Action
    public void Hello(){
        Console.WriteLine("Hello World of events!");
    }
    //Another Action
    public void Goodbye(){
        Console.WriteLine("Goodbye Cruel World of events!");
    }

    public static void Main(){
        MyTestApp TestApp = new MyTestApp();

        //Add actions to the collection
        TestApp.EventActions += TestApp.Hello;
        TestApp.EventActions += TestApp.Goodbye;

        //Invoke all event actions
        if (TestApp.EventActions!= null){
            //this peculiar syntax hides the invoke 
            TestApp.EventActions();
            //using the 'ActionCollection' idea:
            // foreach(EventAction action in TestApp.EventActions)
            //     action.Invoke();
        }
    }

}   

}

//This delegate can be used to point to methods
//which return void and take a string.
public delegate void MyDelegate(string foo);

//This event can cause any method which conforms
//to MyEventHandler to be called.
public event MyDelegate MyEvent;

//Here is some code I want to be executed
//when SomethingHappened fires.
void MyEventHandler(string foo)
{
    //Do some stuff
}

//I am creating a delegate (pointer) to HandleSomethingHappened
//and adding it to SomethingHappened's list of "Event Handlers".
myObj.MyEvent += new MyDelegate (MyEventHandler);

c#有两个术语，委托和事件。让我们从第一个开始。

委托

委托是对方法的引用。就像你可以创建一个实例的引用:

MyClass instance = myFactory.GetInstance();

你可以使用委托来创建一个方法的引用:

Action myMethod = myFactory.GetInstance;

现在你有了一个方法的引用，你可以通过引用调用这个方法:

MyClass instance = myMethod();

但你为什么要这么做?你也可以直接调用myFactory.GetInstance()。在这种情况下你可以。但是，有很多情况需要考虑，您不希望应用程序的其余部分了解myFactory或直接调用myFactory. getinstance()。

一个明显的例子是，如果你想从一个中心位置(也就是工厂方法模式)将myFactory.GetInstance()替换为myOfflineFakeFactory.GetInstance()。

工厂方法模式

所以，如果你有一个TheOtherClass类，它需要使用myFactory. getinstance()，这是没有委托的代码看起来的样子(你需要让TheOtherClass知道你的myFactory的类型):

TheOtherClass toc;
//...
toc.SetFactory(myFactory);


class TheOtherClass
{
   public void SetFactory(MyFactory factory)
   {
      // set here
   }

}

如果你使用委托，你不需要暴露我的工厂的类型:

TheOtherClass toc;
//...
Action factoryMethod = myFactory.GetInstance;
toc.SetFactoryMethod(factoryMethod);


class TheOtherClass
{
   public void SetFactoryMethod(Action factoryMethod)
   {
      // set here
   }

}

因此，您可以将委托交给其他类使用，而无需向它们暴露您的类型。你唯一要暴露的是你的方法的签名(你有多少参数等等)。

"我的方法的签名"我在哪儿听过这个?哦，是的，接口!!接口描述了整个类的签名。把委托看作是只描述一个方法的签名!

接口和委托之间的另一个巨大区别是，当你编写类时，你不必对c#说“这个方法实现了那种类型的委托”。对于接口，你确实需要说“这个类实现了那种类型的接口”。

此外，一个委托引用可以(有一些限制，见下文)引用多个方法(称为MulticastDelegate)。这意味着当您调用委托时，将执行多个显式附加的方法。一个对象引用总是只能引用一个对象。

MulticastDelegate的限制是(方法/委托)签名不应该有任何返回值(void)，关键字out和ref不能在签名中使用。显然，您不能调用两个返回一个数字的方法，并期望它们返回相同的数字。一旦签名符合要求，该委托就自动成为MulticastDelegate。

事件

事件只是属性(就像get;set;属性到实例字段)，这将从其他对象向委托公开订阅。但是，这些属性不支持get;set;。相反，它们支持add;删除;

所以你可以有:

    Action myField;

    public event Action MyProperty
    {
        add { myField += value; }
        remove { myField -= value; }
    }

在UI中的使用(WinForms,WPF,UWP等等)

So, now we know that a delegate is a reference to a method and that we can have an event to let the world know that they can give us their methods to be referenced from our delegate, and we are a UI button, then: we can ask anyone who is interested in whether I was clicked, to register their method with us (via the event we exposed). We can use all those methods that were given to us and reference them by our delegate. And then, we'll wait and wait.... until a user comes and clicks on that button, then we'll have enough reason to invoke the delegate. And because the delegate references all those methods given to us, all those methods will be invoked. We don't know what those methods do, nor we know which class implements those methods. All we do care about is that someone was interested in us being clicked, and gave us a reference to a method that complied with our desired signature.

Java

像Java这样的语言没有委托。相反，他们使用接口。他们这样做的方式是让任何对“我们被点击”感兴趣的人来实现某个接口(使用我们可以调用的某个方法)，然后给我们实现该接口的整个实例。我们保留了实现该接口的所有对象的列表，并在我们被单击时调用它们的“我们可以调用的特定方法”。

另一件需要知道的事情是，在某些情况下，当你需要低级别耦合时，你必须使用委托/事件!

如果您想在应用程序的多个地方使用一个组件，您需要使组件具有低级别的耦合，并且必须将特定的无关逻辑委托到组件之外!这确保了您有一个解耦的系统和更清晰的代码。

在SOLID原则中，这是“D”，(依赖倒置原则)。

也被称为“IoC”，反转控制。

你可以用事件、委托和DI(依赖注入)来创建“IoC”。

在子类中访问方法很容易。但是从子类中访问父类中的方法更加困难。你必须把父引用传递给子引用!(或使用DI接口)

委托/事件允许我们在没有引用的情况下从子对象通信到父对象!

在上面的图中，我没有使用委托/事件，并且父组件B必须有父组件a的引用来执行方法a中无关的业务逻辑(高级别耦合)。

使用这种方法，我将不得不放置所有使用组件B的组件的所有引用!：(

在上面的图中，我使用委托/事件，组件B不必知道a(低级别耦合)

您可以在应用程序的任何地方使用组件B !

下面是一个代码示例，可能会有所帮助:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Event_Example
{
  // First we have to define a delegate that acts as a signature for the
  // function that is ultimately called when the event is triggered.
  // You will notice that the second parameter is of MyEventArgs type.
  // This object will contain information about the triggered event.

  public delegate void MyEventHandler(object source, MyEventArgs e);

  // This is a class which describes the event to the class that receives it.
  // An EventArgs class must always derive from System.EventArgs.

  public class MyEventArgs : EventArgs
  {
    private string EventInfo;

    public MyEventArgs(string Text) {
      EventInfo = Text;
    }

    public string GetInfo() {
      return EventInfo;
    }
  }

  // This next class is the one which contains an event and triggers it
  // once an action is performed. For example, lets trigger this event
  // once a variable is incremented over a particular value. Notice the
  // event uses the MyEventHandler delegate to create a signature
  // for the called function.

  public class MyClass
  {
    public event MyEventHandler OnMaximum;

    private int i;
    private int Maximum = 10;

    public int MyValue
    {
      get { return i; }
      set
      {
        if(value <= Maximum) {
          i = value;
        }
        else 
        {
          // To make sure we only trigger the event if a handler is present
          // we check the event to make sure it's not null.
          if(OnMaximum != null) {
            OnMaximum(this, new MyEventArgs("You've entered " +
              value.ToString() +
              ", but the maximum is " +
              Maximum.ToString()));
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  class Program
  {
    // This is the actual method that will be assigned to the event handler
    // within the above class. This is where we perform an action once the
    // event has been triggered.

    static void MaximumReached(object source, MyEventArgs e) {
      Console.WriteLine(e.GetInfo());
    }

    static void Main(string[] args) {
      // Now lets test the event contained in the above class.
      MyClass MyObject = new MyClass();
      MyObject.OnMaximum += new MyEventHandler(MaximumReached);
      for(int x = 0; x <= 15; x++) {
        MyObject.MyValue = x;
      }
      Console.ReadLine();
    }
  }
}