无法安装gem -未能建立gem本地扩展-无法加载这样的文件——mkmf (LoadError)

Ruby 1.9.3

Gemfile的部分

#...............
gem "pony"
gem "bcrypt-ruby", :require => "bcrypt"
gem "nokogiri" 
#..................

当我试图安装宝石时，我得到一个错误

alex@ubuntu:~/$ bundle
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 
#####............................................................
Installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb 
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'` succeeds before bundling.

然后我做这个

sudo gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing bcrypt-ruby:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out

也会得到一个错误。

我错过了什么?

当前回答

为了破案，我花了两个小时白费力气。贴出来的答案没有一个对我有用。我在Mac上(Mojave版本10.14.6,Xcode版本11.3)。

结果发现ruby文件头不见了，所以我不得不运行open /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

起初，这对我来说并不管用，因为我安装的CommandLineTools版本没有“Packages”文件夹。所以我像这样卸载和重新安装:

rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools . xml

xcode-select——安装

然后我再次运行前面的命令:

打开/图书馆/开发/ CommandLineTools /包/ macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14.pkg

安装后错误被修复!

2019-12-12 15:25:24

其他回答

在寻找了一些解决方案后，发现-dev包是需要的，而不仅仅是ruby1.8。如果你有ruby1.9.1

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

或者安装通用ruby版本，使用(根据@lamplightdev comment):

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

应该把它修好。

尝试定位mkmf以查看该文件是否确实存在。

2017-08-01 10:20:49

我正在做一个单词搜索应用程序，我必须安装cocoapods，在格式化我的mac并重新安装xcode后，当我想安装cocoapods时，我仍然得到了错误。

解决方法如下:

看起来CocoaPods 1.9.0(撰写本文时的最新版本)依赖于比2.3.7更新的Ruby版本。但是macOS Mojave只包含Ruby 2.3.7，所以你有几个不同的选择。

    Upgrade to macOS Catalina and get Ruby 2.6.3
    Use Ruby Version Manager to install a newer version of Ruby
    Install an older version of CocoaPods
    sudo gem install cocoapods -v 1.8.4

我做了3个:

Sudo gem安装cocoapods

2021-04-22 22:46:32

它还有助于确保libmysqlclient-dev已安装(Ubuntu 14.04)

2015-12-10 21:45:02

这对我很管用。捆绑包配置——全局构建。Snappy——with-opt-dir="$(brew -前缀Snappy)"

2020-05-08 18:16:37

我发现我需要安装另一个版本的ruby。所以运行命令