用let定义一个变量，然后赋值一个新属性

let msg = {
    to: "hito@email.com",
    from: "hifrom@email.com",
    subject: "Contact form",    
};

if (file_uploaded_in_form) { // the condition goes here
    msg.attachments = [ // here 'attachments' is the new property added to msg Javascript object
      {
        content: "attachment",
        filename: "filename",
        type: "mime_type",
        disposition: "attachment",
      },
    ];
}

现在味精变成了

{
    to: "hito@email.com",
    from: "hifrom@email.com",
    subject: "Contact form",
    attachments: [
      {
        content: "attachment",
        filename: "filename",
        type: "mime_type",
        disposition: "attachment",
      },
    ]
}

在我看来，这是一个非常简单易行的解决方案。

我认为你第一个有条件地增加成员的方法是完全没问题的。我不同意不让元素b (a)的值为undefined。使用带有in操作符的for循环来添加一个未定义的检查非常简单。但无论如何，你可以很容易地编写一个函数来过滤掉未定义的成员。

var filterUndefined = function(obj) {
  var ret = {};
  for (var key in obj) {
    var value = obj[key];
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key) && value !== undefined) {
      ret[key] = value;
    }
  }
  return ret;
};

var a = filterUndefined({
  b: (conditionB? 5 : undefined),
  c: (conditionC? 5 : undefined),
  d: (conditionD? 5 : undefined),
  e: (conditionE? 5 : undefined),
  f: (conditionF? 5 : undefined),
  g: (conditionG? 5 : undefined),
});

还可以使用delete操作符就地编辑对象。

您可以无条件地添加所有未定义的值，然后使用JSON。Stringify将它们全部删除:

const person = {
  name: undefined,
  age: 22,
  height: null
}

const cleaned = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(person));

// Contents of cleaned:

// cleaned = {
//   age: 22,
//   height: null
// }

在纯Javascript中，我想不出比第一个代码片段更习惯的东西了。

但是，如果使用jQuery库不是不可能的，那么$.extend()应该可以满足您的需求，因为正如文档所述:

未定义的属性不会被复制。

因此，你可以这样写:

var a = $.extend({}, {
    b: conditionB ? 5 : undefined,
    c: conditionC ? 5 : undefined,
    // and so on...
});

并获得您期望的结果(如果条件b为假，则b将不存在于a中)。

我的建议如下:

const a = {
   ...(someCondition? {b: 5}: {})
}

用let定义一个变量，然后赋值一个新属性

let msg = {
    to: "hito@email.com",
    from: "hifrom@email.com",
    subject: "Contact form",    
};

if (file_uploaded_in_form) { // the condition goes here
    msg.attachments = [ // here 'attachments' is the new property added to msg Javascript object
      {
        content: "attachment",
        filename: "filename",
        type: "mime_type",
        disposition: "attachment",
      },
    ];
}

现在味精变成了

{
    to: "hito@email.com",
    from: "hifrom@email.com",
    subject: "Contact form",
    attachments: [
      {
        content: "attachment",
        filename: "filename",
        type: "mime_type",
        disposition: "attachment",
      },
    ]
}

在我看来，这是一个非常简单易行的解决方案。