使用/bin/sh.创建一个设置变量的小shell脚本，然后使用shell本身解析模板。如下所示(编辑以正确处理换行):

文件template.txt:

the number is ${i}
the word is ${word}

文件script.sh:

#!/bin/sh

#Set variables
i=1
word="dog"

#Read in template one line at the time, and replace variables (more
#natural (and efficient) way, thanks to Jonathan Leffler).
while read line
do
    eval echo "$line"
done < "./template.txt"

输出:

#sh script.sh
the number is 1
the word is dog

file.tpl:

The following bash function should only replace ${var1} syntax and ignore 
other shell special chars such as `backticks` or $var2 or "double quotes". 
If I have missed anything - let me know.

script.sh:

template(){
    # usage: template file.tpl
    while read -r line ; do
            line=${line//\"/\\\"}
            line=${line//\`/\\\`}
            line=${line//\$/\\\$}
            line=${line//\\\${/\${}
            eval "echo \"$line\""; 
    done < ${1}
}

var1="*replaced*"
var2="*not replaced*"

template file.tpl > result.txt

这里有一个健壮的Bash函数，尽管使用了eval，但使用起来应该是安全的。

输入文本中的所有${varName}变量引用都是基于调用shell的变量展开的。

没有其他内容被展开:没有包含在{…}(例如$varName)、命令替换($(…)和遗留语法'…')、算术替换($((…))和遗留语法$[…])。

要将$作为一个文字，\-转义它;例如:\ ${回家}

注意，输入只通过stdin被接受。

例子:

$ expandVarsStrict <<<'$HOME is "${HOME}"; `date` and \$(ls)' # only ${HOME} is expanded
$HOME is "/Users/jdoe"; `date` and $(ls)

函数源代码:

expandVarsStrict(){
  local line lineEscaped
  while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n $line ]]; do  # the `||` clause ensures that the last line is read even if it doesn't end with \n
    # Escape ALL chars. that could trigger an expansion..
    IFS= read -r -d '' lineEscaped < <(printf %s "$line" | tr '`([$' '\1\2\3\4')
    # ... then selectively reenable ${ references
    lineEscaped=${lineEscaped//$'\4'{/\${}
    # Finally, escape embedded double quotes to preserve them.
    lineEscaped=${lineEscaped//\"/\\\"}
    eval "printf '%s\n' \"$lineEscaped\"" | tr '\1\2\3\4' '`([$'
  done
}

该函数假设输入中不存在0x1、0x2、0x3和0x4控制字符，因为这些字符。在内部使用—因为函数处理文本，所以这应该是一个安全的假设。

我在想同样的事情时发现了这条线索。这启发了我(注意反节拍)

$ echo $MYTEST
pass!
$ cat FILE
hello $MYTEST world
$ eval echo `cat FILE`
hello pass! world

我建议使用像Sigil这样的东西: https://github.com/gliderlabs/sigil

它被编译成一个二进制文件，所以在系统上安装它非常容易。

然后你可以像下面这样简单的一行代码:

cat my-file.conf.template | sigil -p $(env) > my-file.conf

这比eval更安全，比使用regex或sed更容易

Sed!

鉴于template.txt:

The number is ${i}
The word is ${word}

我们只能说:

sed -e "s/\${i}/1/" -e "s/\${word}/dog/" template.txt

感谢Jonathan Leffler提供的将多个-e参数传递给同一个sed调用的技巧。