这段代码工作,并向我发送电子邮件就好:

import smtplib
#SERVER = "localhost"

FROM = 'monty@python.com'

TO = ["jon@mycompany.com"] # must be a list

SUBJECT = "Hello!"

TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib."

# Prepare actual message

message = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s

%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)

# Send the mail

server = smtplib.SMTP('myserver')
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()

然而,如果我试图将它包装在这样一个函数中:

def sendMail(FROM,TO,SUBJECT,TEXT,SERVER):
    import smtplib
    """this is some test documentation in the function"""
    message = """\
        From: %s
        To: %s
        Subject: %s
        %s
        """ % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
    # Send the mail
    server = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER)
    server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
    server.quit()

我得到以下错误:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Python31/mailtest1.py", line 8, in <module>
    sendmail.sendMail(sender,recipients,subject,body,server)
  File "C:/Python31\sendmail.py", line 13, in sendMail
    server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
  File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 720, in sendmail
    self.rset()
  File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 444, in rset
    return self.docmd("rset")
  File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 368, in docmd
    return self.getreply()
  File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 345, in getreply
    raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed")
smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Connection unexpectedly closed

有人能告诉我为什么吗?


当前回答

我编写了一个简单的函数send_email(),用于使用smtplib和电子邮件包发送电子邮件(链接到我的文章)。它还使用dotenv包来加载发件人的电子邮件和密码(请不要在代码中保密!)我正在使用Gmail电子邮件服务。密码是应用程序密码(这里是谷歌文档如何生成应用程序密码)。

import os
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
from dotenv import load_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv()


def send_email(to, subject, message):
    try:
        email_address = os.environ.get("EMAIL_ADDRESS")
        email_password = os.environ.get("EMAIL_PASSWORD")

        if email_address is None or email_password is None:
            # no email address or password
            # something is not configured properly
            print("Did you set email address and password correctly?")
            return False

        # create email
        msg = EmailMessage()
        msg['Subject'] = subject
        msg['From'] = email_address
        msg['To'] = to
        msg.set_content(message)

        # send email
        with smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465) as smtp:
            smtp.login(email_address, email_password)
            smtp.send_message(msg)
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print("Problem during send email")
        print(str(e))
    return False

以上方法对于简单的电子邮件发送是可行的。如果您正在寻找更高级的功能,例如HTML内容或附件,当然可以手工编码,但我建议使用现有的包,例如yagmail。

Gmail每天限制500封邮件。对于每天发送许多电子邮件,请考虑事务性电子邮件服务提供商,如Amazon SES, MailGun, MailJet或SendGrid。

其他回答

有压痕问题。下面的代码将工作:

import textwrap

def sendMail(FROM,TO,SUBJECT,TEXT,SERVER):
    import smtplib
    """this is some test documentation in the function"""
    message = textwrap.dedent("""\
        From: %s
        To: %s
        Subject: %s
        %s
        """ % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT))
    # Send the mail
    server = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER)
    server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
    server.quit()

下面是Python 3的一个例子。X,比2.x简单得多:

import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
def send_mail(to_email, subject, message, server='smtp.example.cn',
              from_email='xx@example.com'):
    # import smtplib
    msg = EmailMessage()
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['From'] = from_email
    msg['To'] = ', '.join(to_email)
    msg.set_content(message)
    print(msg)
    server = smtplib.SMTP(server)
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
    server.login(from_email, 'password')  # user & password
    server.send_message(msg)
    server.quit()
    print('successfully sent the mail.')

调用这个函数:

send_mail(to_email=['12345@qq.com', '12345@126.com'],
          subject='hello', message='Your analysis has done!')

以下仅限中国用户使用:

If you use 126/163, NetEase Mail, you need to set" Client Authorization Password ", like below:

裁判:https://stackoverflow.com/a/41470149/2803344 https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.examples.html#email-examples

我想通过建议yagmail包来帮助你发送电子邮件(我是维护者,抱歉广告,但我觉得它真的能帮助!)

你的整个代码将是:

import yagmail
yag = yagmail.SMTP(FROM, 'pass')
yag.send(TO, SUBJECT, TEXT)

注意,我为所有参数提供了默认值,例如,如果你想发送给自己,你可以省略to,如果你不想要一个主题,你也可以省略它。

此外,我们的目标还在于使附加html代码或图像(以及其他文件)变得非常容易。

在你放置内容的地方,你可以这样做:

contents = ['Body text, and here is an embedded image:', 'http://somedomain/image.png',
            'You can also find an audio file attached.', '/local/path/song.mp3']

哇,发送附件是多么简单啊!如果没有yagmail,这大概需要20行;)

此外,如果你设置了一次,你就永远不必再输入密码(并安全地保存密码)。在你的情况下,你可以这样做:

import yagmail
yagmail.SMTP().send(contents = contents)

这样更简洁!

我建议你看看github,或者直接用pip install yagmail安装它。

我对发送电子邮件的包选项不满意,我决定制作并开源我自己的电子邮件发送器。它易于使用,并支持高级用例。

如何安装:

pip install redmail

用法:

from redmail import EmailSender
email = EmailSender(
    host="<SMTP HOST ADDRESS>",
    port=<PORT NUMBER>,
)

email.send(
    sender="me@example.com",
    receivers=["you@example.com"],
    subject="An example email",
    text="Hi, this is text body.",
    html="<h1>Hi,</h1><p>this is HTML body</p>"
)

如果您的服务器需要用户和密码,只需将user_name和密码传递给EmailSender。

我在send方法中包含了很多特性:

包含附件 将图像直接包含到HTML主体中 金贾的模板 漂亮的HTML表格开箱即用

文档: https://red-mail.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

源代码:https://github.com/Miksus/red-mail

只是为了补充答案,以便您的邮件传递系统可以扩展。

我建议有一个配置文件(可以是.json, .yml, .ini等),包含发件人的电子邮件配置,密码和收件人。

通过这种方式,您可以根据需要创建不同的可定制项目。

下面是一个包含3个文件,config, functions和main的小示例。纯文本邮件。

config_email.ini

[email_1]
sender = test@test.com
password = XXXXXXXXXXX
recipients= ["email_2@test.com", "email_2@test.com"]

[email_2]
sender = test_2@test.com
password = XXXXXXXXXXX
recipients= ["email_2@test.com", "email_2@test.com", "email_3@test.com"]

这些项将从main.py调用,它将返回它们各自的值。

函数functions_email.py文件:

import smtplib,configparser,json
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

def get_credentials(item):
    parse = configparser.ConfigParser()
    parse.read('config_email.ini')
    sender = parse[item]['sender ']
    password = parse[item]['password']
    recipients= json.loads(parse[item]['recipients'])
    return sender,password,recipients

def get_msg(sender,recipients,subject,mail_body):
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['From'] = sender 
    msg['To'] = ', '.join(recipients)       
    text = """\
    """+mail_body+""" """
    part1 = MIMEText(text, "plain")
    msg.attach(part1)
    return msg

def send_email(msg,sender,password,recipients):
    s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.test.com')
    s.login(sender,password)
    s.sendmail(sender, recipients, msg.as_string())
    s.quit()    

文件main.py:

from functions_email import *

sender,password,recipients = get_credenciales('email_2')
subject= 'text to subject'
mail_body = 'body....................'
msg = get_msg(sender,recipients ,subject,mail_body)    
send_email(msg,sender,password,recipients)

最好的问候!