我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展，我想知道:当一个元素出现时，最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript，间隔检查，直到一个元素存在，或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?
当前回答
我认为仍然没有任何答案在这里与简单易读的工作实例。使用MutationObserver接口来检测DOM的变化，如下所示:
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if ($("p").length) { console.log("Exist, lets do something"); observer.disconnect(); //We can disconnect observer once the element exist if we dont want observe more changes in the DOM } }); // Start observing observer.observe(document.body, { //document.body is node target to observe childList: true, //This is a must have for the observer with subtree subtree: true //Set to true if changes must also be observed in descendants. }); $(document).ready(function() { $("button").on("click", function() { $("p").remove(); setTimeout(function() { $("#newContent").append("<p>New element</p>"); }, 2000); }); }); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <button>New content</button> <div id="newContent"></div>
注意:关于MutationObserver的西班牙语Mozilla文档更多 详情，如果你想了解更多信息。
其他回答
这里有一个核心JavaScript函数，用于等待元素的显示(好吧，将其插入到DOM中更准确)。
// Call the below function
waitForElementToDisplay("#div1",function(){alert("Hi");},1000,9000);
function waitForElementToDisplay(selector, callback, checkFrequencyInMs, timeoutInMs) {
var startTimeInMs = Date.now();
(function loopSearch() {
if (document.querySelector(selector) != null) {
callback();
return;
}
else {
setTimeout(function () {
if (timeoutInMs && Date.now() - startTimeInMs > timeoutInMs)
return;
loopSearch();
}, checkFrequencyInMs);
}
})();
}
这个调用将每1000毫秒查找id="div1"的HTML标记。如果找到元素，它将显示一条警报消息Hi。如果在9000毫秒后没有找到任何元素，该函数将停止执行。
参数:
String:该函数查找元素${selector}。 callback: Function:这是一个函数，如果找到元素将被调用。 checkFrequencyInMs: Number:该函数每${checkFrequencyInMs}毫秒检查该元素是否存在。 timeoutInMs: Number:可选。该函数在${timeoutInMs}毫秒后停止查找元素。
注意:选择器的解释在https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelector
我认为仍然没有任何答案在这里与简单易读的工作实例。使用MutationObserver接口来检测DOM的变化，如下所示:
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if ($("p").length) { console.log("Exist, lets do something"); observer.disconnect(); //We can disconnect observer once the element exist if we dont want observe more changes in the DOM } }); // Start observing observer.observe(document.body, { //document.body is node target to observe childList: true, //This is a must have for the observer with subtree subtree: true //Set to true if changes must also be observed in descendants. }); $(document).ready(function() { $("button").on("click", function() { $("p").remove(); setTimeout(function() { $("#newContent").append("<p>New element</p>"); }, 2000); }); }); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <button>New content</button> <div id="newContent"></div>
注意:关于MutationObserver的西班牙语Mozilla文档更多 详情，如果你想了解更多信息。
我也有同样的问题，所以我继续写了一个插件。
$(选择).waitUntilExists(函数);
代码:
;(function ($, window) {
var intervals = {};
var removeListener = function(selector) {
if (intervals[selector]) {
window.clearInterval(intervals[selector]);
intervals[selector] = null;
}
};
var found = 'waitUntilExists.found';
/**
* @function
* @property {object} jQuery plugin which runs handler function once specified
* element is inserted into the DOM
* @param {function|string} handler
* A function to execute at the time when the element is inserted or
* string "remove" to remove the listener from the given selector
* @param {bool} shouldRunHandlerOnce
* Optional: if true, handler is unbound after its first invocation
* @example jQuery(selector).waitUntilExists(function);
*/
$.fn.waitUntilExists = function(handler, shouldRunHandlerOnce, isChild) {
var selector = this.selector;
var $this = $(selector);
var $elements = $this.not(function() { return $(this).data(found); });
if (handler === 'remove') {
// Hijack and remove interval immediately if the code requests
removeListener(selector);
}
else {
// Run the handler on all found elements and mark as found
$elements.each(handler).data(found, true);
if (shouldRunHandlerOnce && $this.length) {
// Element was found, implying the handler already ran for all
// matched elements
removeListener(selector);
}
else if (!isChild) {
// If this is a recurring search or if the target has not yet been
// found, create an interval to continue searching for the target
intervals[selector] = window.setInterval(function () {
$this.waitUntilExists(handler, shouldRunHandlerOnce, true);
}, 500);
}
}
return $this;
};
}(jQuery, window));
您可以监听DOMNodeInserted或DOMSubtreeModified事件，每当有新元素添加到DOM时，这些事件就会触发。
还有一个LiveQuery jQuery插件，它可以检测创建的新元素:
$("#future_element").livequery(function(){
//element created
});
这是写在王勇答案(最高分答案)上面的一个更好的版本。
增加的特性:您可以等待一个元素特定的时间，精确定位，以提高性能。
async function waitForElement(selector, timeout = null, location = document.body) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
let element = document.querySelector(selector);
if (element) {
return resolve(element);
}
const observer = new MutationObserver(async () => {
let element = document.querySelector(selector);
if (element) {
resolve(element);
observer.disconnect();
} else {
if (timeout) {
async function timeOver() {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
setTimeout(() => {
observer.disconnect();
resolve(false);
}, timeout);
});
}
resolve(await timeOver());
}
}
});
observer.observe(location, {
childList: true,
subtree: true,
});
});
}
用法:
await waitForElement(".nav-alt", 500, ".main-body")
奖励:等待一个元素从DOM中消失。
async function waitForElementDeath(selector, location = document.body) {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
const observer = new MutationObserver(async () => {
if (!document.querySelector(selector)) {
resolve(true);
observer.disconnect();
}
});
observer.observe(location, {
childList: true,
subtree: true,
});
});
}
用法:
await waitForElementDeath(".Popup-div", "Popup-Container")
