我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展,我想知道:当一个元素出现时,最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript,间隔检查,直到一个元素存在,或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?


当前回答

我认为仍然没有任何答案在这里与简单易读的工作实例。使用MutationObserver接口来检测DOM的变化,如下所示:

var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if ($("p").length) { console.log("Exist, lets do something"); observer.disconnect(); //We can disconnect observer once the element exist if we dont want observe more changes in the DOM } }); // Start observing observer.observe(document.body, { //document.body is node target to observe childList: true, //This is a must have for the observer with subtree subtree: true //Set to true if changes must also be observed in descendants. }); $(document).ready(function() { $("button").on("click", function() { $("p").remove(); setTimeout(function() { $("#newContent").append("<p>New element</p>"); }, 2000); }); }); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <button>New content</button> <div id="newContent"></div>

注意:关于MutationObserver的西班牙语Mozilla文档更多 详情,如果你想了解更多信息。

其他回答

由于性能问题,DOMNodeInserted和其他DOM突变事件已被弃用——推荐的方法是使用MutationObserver监视DOM。不过,它只在较新的浏览器中受支持,所以当MutationObserver不可用时,您应该回到DOMNodeInserted上。

let observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
  mutations.forEach((mutation) => {
    if (!mutation.addedNodes) return

    for (let i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) {
      // do things to your newly added nodes here
      let node = mutation.addedNodes[i]
    }
  })
})

observer.observe(document.body, {
    childList: true
  , subtree: true
  , attributes: false
  , characterData: false
})

// stop watching using:
observer.disconnect()

这里有一个核心JavaScript函数,用于等待元素的显示(好吧,将其插入到DOM中更准确)。

// Call the below function
waitForElementToDisplay("#div1",function(){alert("Hi");},1000,9000);

function waitForElementToDisplay(selector, callback, checkFrequencyInMs, timeoutInMs) {
  var startTimeInMs = Date.now();
  (function loopSearch() {
    if (document.querySelector(selector) != null) {
      callback();
      return;
    }
    else {
      setTimeout(function () {
        if (timeoutInMs && Date.now() - startTimeInMs > timeoutInMs)
          return;
        loopSearch();
      }, checkFrequencyInMs);
    }
  })();
}

这个调用将每1000毫秒查找id="div1"的HTML标记。如果找到元素,它将显示一条警报消息Hi。如果在9000毫秒后没有找到任何元素,该函数将停止执行。

参数:

String:该函数查找元素${selector}。 callback: Function:这是一个函数,如果找到元素将被调用。 checkFrequencyInMs: Number:该函数每${checkFrequencyInMs}毫秒检查该元素是否存在。 timeoutInMs: Number:可选。该函数在${timeoutInMs}毫秒后停止查找元素。

注意:选择器的解释在https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelector

这是写在王勇答案(最高分答案)上面的一个更好的版本。

增加的特性:您可以等待一个元素特定的时间,精确定位,以提高性能。

async function waitForElement(selector, timeout = null, location = document.body) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
        let element = document.querySelector(selector);
        if (element) {
            return resolve(element);
        }

        const observer = new MutationObserver(async () => {
            let element = document.querySelector(selector);
            if (element) {
                resolve(element);
                observer.disconnect();
            } else {
                if (timeout) {
                    async function timeOver() {
                        return new Promise((resolve) => {
                            setTimeout(() => {
                                observer.disconnect();
                                resolve(false);
                            }, timeout);
                        });
                    }
                    resolve(await timeOver());
                }
            }
        });

        observer.observe(location, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true,
        });
    });
}

用法:

await waitForElement(".nav-alt", 500, ".main-body")

奖励:等待一个元素从DOM中消失。

async function waitForElementDeath(selector, location = document.body) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
        const observer = new MutationObserver(async () => {
            if (!document.querySelector(selector)) {
                resolve(true);
                observer.disconnect();
            }
        });

        observer.observe(location, {
            childList: true,
            subtree: true,
        });
    });
}

用法:

await waitForElementDeath(".Popup-div", "Popup-Container")

下面的observe函数将允许您通过选择器监听元素。

在下面的例子中,2秒过后,.greeting将被插入到.container中。因为我们正在监听这个元素的插入,所以我们可以有一个在插入时触发的回调。

const observe = (selector, callback, targetNode = document.body) => new MutationObserver(mutations => [...mutations] .flatMap((mutation) => [...mutation.addedNodes]) .filter((node) => node.matches && node.matches(selector)) .forEach(callback)) .observe(targetNode, { childList: true, subtree: true }); const createGreeting = () => { const el = document.createElement('DIV'); el.textContent = 'Hello World'; el.classList.add('greeting'); return el; }; const container = document.querySelector('.container'); observe('.greeting', el => console.log('I have arrived!', el), container); new Promise(res => setTimeout(() => res(createGreeting()), 2000)) .then(el => container.appendChild(el)); html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; } .container { display: flex; flex: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .greeting { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } <div class="container"></div>


更新

下面是一个实验性的async/await示例。

const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((res) => setTimeout(res, ms)); const observe = (selector, targetNode = document.body) => new Promise(res => { new MutationObserver(mutations => res([...mutations] .flatMap((mutation) => [...mutation.addedNodes]) .find((node) => node.matches && node.matches(selector)))) .observe(targetNode, { childList: true, subtree: true }); }); const createGreeting = () => { const el = document.createElement('DIV'); el.textContent = 'Hello World'; el.classList.add('greeting'); return el; }; const container = document.querySelector('.container'); observe('.greeting', container) .then(el => console.log('I have arrived!', el)); (async () => { await sleep(2000); container.appendChild(createGreeting()); })(); html, body { width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { display: flex; } .container { display: flex; flex: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .greeting { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } <div class="container"></div>

如果你想让它在一段时间后停止查看(超时),那么下面的jQuery可以工作。10秒后会暂停。我需要使用这段代码而不是纯JS,因为我需要通过名称选择输入,并且在实现其他一些解决方案时遇到了麻烦。

 // Wait for element to exist.

    function imageLoaded(el, cb,time) {

        if ($(el).length) {
            // Element is now loaded.

            cb($(el));

            var imageInput =  $('input[name=product\\[image_location\\]]');
            console.log(imageInput);

        } else if(time < 10000) {
            // Repeat every 500ms.
            setTimeout(function() {
               time = time+500;

                imageLoaded(el, cb, time)
            }, 500);
        }
    };

    var time = 500;

    imageLoaded('input[name=product\\[image_location\\]]', function(el) {

     //do stuff here 

     },time);