我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展,我想知道:当一个元素出现时,最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript,间隔检查,直到一个元素存在,或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?


当前回答

更新

下面是一个更新的版本,可以使用承诺。如果达到特定的尝试次数,它也会“停止”。

function _waitForElement(selector, delay = 50, tries = 100) {
    const element = document.querySelector(selector);

    if (!window[`__${selector}`]) {
      window[`__${selector}`] = 0;
      window[`__${selector}__delay`] = delay;
      window[`__${selector}__tries`] = tries;
    }

    function _search() {
      return new Promise((resolve) => {
        window[`__${selector}`]++;
        setTimeout(resolve, window[`__${selector}__delay`]);
      });
    }

    if (element === null) {
      if (window[`__${selector}`] >= window[`__${selector}__tries`]) {
        window[`__${selector}`] = 0;
        return Promise.resolve(null);
      }

      return _search().then(() => _waitForElement(selector));
    } else {
      return Promise.resolve(element);
    }
  }

用法很简单,用await使用它只是确保你在一个 异步功能:

const start = (async () => {
  const $el = await _waitForElement(`.my-selector`);
  console.log($el);
})();

过时的版本

只需添加所需的选择器。一旦找到元素,就可以在回调函数中访问它。

const waitUntilElementExists = (selector, callback) => {
const el = document.querySelector(selector);

if (el){
    return callback(el);
}

setTimeout(() => waitUntilElementExists(selector, callback), 500);
}

waitUntilElementExists('.wait-for-me', (el) => console.log(el));

其他回答

下面是一个函数,充当MutationObserver的薄包装器。唯一的要求是浏览器支持MutationObserver;不依赖于JQuery。运行下面的代码片段以查看一个工作示例。

function waitForMutation(parentNode, isMatchFunc, handlerFunc, observeSubtree, disconnectAfterMatch) { var defaultIfUndefined = function(val, defaultVal) { return (typeof val === "undefined") ? defaultVal : val; }; observeSubtree = defaultIfUndefined(observeSubtree, false); disconnectAfterMatch = defaultIfUndefined(disconnectAfterMatch, false); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.addedNodes) { for (var i = 0; i < mutation.addedNodes.length; i++) { var node = mutation.addedNodes[i]; if (isMatchFunc(node)) { handlerFunc(node); if (disconnectAfterMatch) observer.disconnect(); }; } } }); }); observer.observe(parentNode, { childList: true, attributes: false, characterData: false, subtree: observeSubtree }); } // Example waitForMutation( // parentNode: Root node to observe. If the mutation you're looking for // might not occur directly below parentNode, pass 'true' to the // observeSubtree parameter. document.getElementById("outerContent"), // isMatchFunc: Function to identify a match. If it returns true, // handlerFunc will run. // MutationObserver only fires once per mutation, not once for every node // inside the mutation. If the element we're looking for is a child of // the newly-added element, we need to use something like // node.querySelector() to find it. function(node) { return node.querySelector(".foo") !== null; }, // handlerFunc: Handler. function(node) { var elem = document.createElement("div"); elem.appendChild(document.createTextNode("Added node (" + node.innerText + ")")); document.getElementById("log").appendChild(elem); }, // observeSubtree true, // disconnectAfterMatch: If this is true the hanlerFunc will only run on // the first time that isMatchFunc returns true. If it's false, the handler // will continue to fire on matches. false); // Set up UI. Using JQuery here for convenience. $outerContent = $("#outerContent"); $innerContent = $("#innerContent"); $("#addOuter").on("click", function() { var newNode = $("<div><span class='foo'>Outer</span></div>"); $outerContent.append(newNode); }); $("#addInner").on("click", function() { var newNode = $("<div><span class='foo'>Inner</span></div>"); $innerContent.append(newNode); }); .content { padding: 1em; border: solid 1px black; overflow-y: auto; } #innerContent { height: 100px; } #outerContent { height: 200px; } #log { font-family: Courier; font-size: 10pt; } <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <h2>Create some mutations</h2> <div id="main"> <button id="addOuter">Add outer node</button> <button id="addInner">Add inner node</button> <div class="content" id="outerContent"> <div class="content" id="innerContent"></div> </div> </div> <h2>Log</h2> <div id="log"></div>

你可以这样做

$('#yourelement').ready(function() {

});

请注意,这只在从服务器请求元素时元素出现在DOM中时才有效。如果元素是通过JavaScript动态添加的,那么它将不起作用,您可能需要查看其他答案。

你可以试试这个:

const wait_until_element_appear = setInterval(() => {
    if ($(element).length !== 0) {
        // some code
        clearInterval(wait_until_element_appear);
    }
}, 0);

这个办法对我很有效

受杰米·胡伯的启发,我想出了一个答案。

这是一个基于承诺的函数,你可以设置:

最大尝试次数-默认为10; 延迟(毫秒)-默认为100毫秒。

因此,默认情况下,它将等待1秒,直到元素出现在DOM上。

如果它没有出现,它将返回一个承诺。用null拒绝,这样您就可以按照您的愿望处理错误。

Code

export function _waitForElement(selector, delay = 10, tries = 100) {
  const element = document.querySelector(selector);


  if (!window[`__${selector}`]) {
    window[`__${selector}`] = 0;
    window[`__${selector}__delay`] = delay;
    window[`__${selector}__tries`] = tries;
  }

  function _search() {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      window[`__${selector}`]++;
      setTimeout(resolve, window[`__${selector}__delay`]);
    });
  }

  if (element === null) {
    if (window[`__${selector}`] >= window[`__${selector}__tries`]) {
      window[`__${selector}`] = 0;
      return Promise.resolve(null);
    }

    return _search().then(() => _waitForElement(selector));
  } else {
    return Promise.resolve(element);
  }
}

用法:

async function wait(){
    try{
        const $el = await waitForElement(".llama");
        console.log($el);
    } catch(err){
        console.error("Timeout - couldn't find element.")
    }
} 

wait();

在上面的例子中,它将等待选择器.llama。您可以添加更大的延迟,并在StackoverFlow的控制台上进行测试。

只需将类llama添加到DOM上的任何元素。

我也有同样的问题,所以我继续写了一个插件。

$(选择).waitUntilExists(函数);

代码:

;(function ($, window) {

var intervals = {};
var removeListener = function(selector) {

    if (intervals[selector]) {

        window.clearInterval(intervals[selector]);
        intervals[selector] = null;
    }
};
var found = 'waitUntilExists.found';

/**
 * @function
 * @property {object} jQuery plugin which runs handler function once specified
 *           element is inserted into the DOM
 * @param {function|string} handler 
 *            A function to execute at the time when the element is inserted or 
 *            string "remove" to remove the listener from the given selector
 * @param {bool} shouldRunHandlerOnce 
 *            Optional: if true, handler is unbound after its first invocation
 * @example jQuery(selector).waitUntilExists(function);
 */

$.fn.waitUntilExists = function(handler, shouldRunHandlerOnce, isChild) {

    var selector = this.selector;
    var $this = $(selector);
    var $elements = $this.not(function() { return $(this).data(found); });

    if (handler === 'remove') {

        // Hijack and remove interval immediately if the code requests
        removeListener(selector);
    }
    else {

        // Run the handler on all found elements and mark as found
        $elements.each(handler).data(found, true);

        if (shouldRunHandlerOnce && $this.length) {

            // Element was found, implying the handler already ran for all 
            // matched elements
            removeListener(selector);
        }
        else if (!isChild) {

            // If this is a recurring search or if the target has not yet been 
            // found, create an interval to continue searching for the target
            intervals[selector] = window.setInterval(function () {

                $this.waitUntilExists(handler, shouldRunHandlerOnce, true);
            }, 500);
        }
    }

    return $this;
};

}(jQuery, window));