我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展，我想知道:当一个元素出现时，最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript，间隔检查，直到一个元素存在，或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?
当前回答
简单的Javascript。
cont elementExist = setInterval(() => {
var elm = document.getElementById("elementId")
if (elm!=null)
// call your function here to do something
clearInterval(elementExist);
}
}, 100);
注意:这将阻塞其他执行
其他回答
这里有一个核心JavaScript函数，用于等待元素的显示(好吧，将其插入到DOM中更准确)。
// Call the below function
waitForElementToDisplay("#div1",function(){alert("Hi");},1000,9000);
function waitForElementToDisplay(selector, callback, checkFrequencyInMs, timeoutInMs) {
var startTimeInMs = Date.now();
(function loopSearch() {
if (document.querySelector(selector) != null) {
callback();
return;
}
else {
setTimeout(function () {
if (timeoutInMs && Date.now() - startTimeInMs > timeoutInMs)
return;
loopSearch();
}, checkFrequencyInMs);
}
})();
}
这个调用将每1000毫秒查找id="div1"的HTML标记。如果找到元素，它将显示一条警报消息Hi。如果在9000毫秒后没有找到任何元素，该函数将停止执行。
参数:
String:该函数查找元素${selector}。 callback: Function:这是一个函数，如果找到元素将被调用。 checkFrequencyInMs: Number:该函数每${checkFrequencyInMs}毫秒检查该元素是否存在。 timeoutInMs: Number:可选。该函数在${timeoutInMs}毫秒后停止查找元素。
注意:选择器的解释在https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelector
我通常使用标签管理器的这个片段:
<script>
(function exists() {
if (!document.querySelector('<selector>')) {
return setTimeout(exists);
}
// code when element exists
})();
</script>
我也有同样的问题，所以我继续写了一个插件。
$(选择).waitUntilExists(函数);
代码:
;(function ($, window) {
var intervals = {};
var removeListener = function(selector) {
if (intervals[selector]) {
window.clearInterval(intervals[selector]);
intervals[selector] = null;
}
};
var found = 'waitUntilExists.found';
/**
* @function
* @property {object} jQuery plugin which runs handler function once specified
* element is inserted into the DOM
* @param {function|string} handler
* A function to execute at the time when the element is inserted or
* string "remove" to remove the listener from the given selector
* @param {bool} shouldRunHandlerOnce
* Optional: if true, handler is unbound after its first invocation
* @example jQuery(selector).waitUntilExists(function);
*/
$.fn.waitUntilExists = function(handler, shouldRunHandlerOnce, isChild) {
var selector = this.selector;
var $this = $(selector);
var $elements = $this.not(function() { return $(this).data(found); });
if (handler === 'remove') {
// Hijack and remove interval immediately if the code requests
removeListener(selector);
}
else {
// Run the handler on all found elements and mark as found
$elements.each(handler).data(found, true);
if (shouldRunHandlerOnce && $this.length) {
// Element was found, implying the handler already ran for all
// matched elements
removeListener(selector);
}
else if (!isChild) {
// If this is a recurring search or if the target has not yet been
// found, create an interval to continue searching for the target
intervals[selector] = window.setInterval(function () {
$this.waitUntilExists(handler, shouldRunHandlerOnce, true);
}, 500);
}
}
return $this;
};
}(jQuery, window));
一个返回承诺的解决方案，并允许使用超时(兼容IE 11+)。
对于单个元素(element类型):
"use strict";
function waitUntilElementLoaded(selector) {
var timeout = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;
var start = performance.now();
var now = 0;
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
var interval = setInterval(function () {
var element = document.querySelector(selector);
if (element instanceof Element) {
clearInterval(interval);
resolve();
}
now = performance.now();
if (now - start >= timeout) {
reject("Could not find the element " + selector + " within " + timeout + " ms");
}
}, 100);
});
}
对于多个元素(类型为NodeList):
"use strict";
function waitUntilElementsLoaded(selector) {
var timeout = arguments.length > 1 && arguments[1] !== undefined ? arguments[1] : 0;
var start = performance.now();
var now = 0;
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
var interval = setInterval(function () {
var elements = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
if (elements instanceof NodeList) {
clearInterval(interval);
resolve(elements);
}
now = performance.now();
if (now - start >= timeout) {
reject("Could not find elements " + selector + " within " + timeout + " ms");
}
}, 100);
});
}
例子:
waitUntilElementLoaded('#message', 800).then(function(element) {
// element found and available
element.innerHTML = '...';
}).catch(function() {
// element not found within 800 milliseconds
});
waitUntilElementsLoaded('.message', 10000).then(function(elements) {
for(const element of elements) {
// ....
}
}).catch(function(error) {
// elements not found withing 10 seconds
});
既适用于元素列表，也适用于单个元素。
我认为仍然没有任何答案在这里与简单易读的工作实例。使用MutationObserver接口来检测DOM的变化，如下所示:
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if ($("p").length) { console.log("Exist, lets do something"); observer.disconnect(); //We can disconnect observer once the element exist if we dont want observe more changes in the DOM } }); // Start observing observer.observe(document.body, { //document.body is node target to observe childList: true, //This is a must have for the observer with subtree subtree: true //Set to true if changes must also be observed in descendants. }); $(document).ready(function() { $("button").on("click", function() { $("p").remove(); setTimeout(function() { $("#newContent").append("<p>New element</p>"); }, 2000); }); }); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <button>New content</button> <div id="newContent"></div>
注意:关于MutationObserver的西班牙语Mozilla文档更多 详情，如果你想了解更多信息。
