如何使用JUnit来测试某些代码是否抛出异常？
我当然可以这样做：
@Test
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {
boolean thrown = false;
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
thrown = true;
}
assertTrue(thrown);
}
我记得，对于这类情况，有一个注释或Assert.xyz之类的东西远没有JUnit那么笨拙，更符合JUnit的精神。
当前回答
IMHO，在JUnit中检查异常的最佳方法是try/catch/fail/assert模式：
// this try block should be as small as possible,
// as you want to make sure you only catch exceptions from your code
try {
sut.doThing();
fail(); // fail if this does not throw any exception
} catch(MyException e) { // only catch the exception you expect,
// otherwise you may catch an exception for a dependency unexpectedly
// a strong assertion on the message,
// in case the exception comes from anywhere an unexpected line of code,
// especially important if your checking IllegalArgumentExceptions
assertEquals("the message I get", e.getMessage());
}
assertTrue对某些人来说可能有点强，所以assertThat（例如getMessage（），containsString（“消息”）；可能更可取。
其他回答
@Test(expectedException=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() throws Exception {
doThrow(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class).when(foo).doStuff();
try {
foo.doStuff();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
assertEquals(IndexOutOfBoundsException .class, ex.getCause().getClass());
throw e;
}
}
下面是检查方法是否抛出了正确异常的另一种方法。
我想评论一下这个问题的解决方案，它避免了任何与异常相关的JUnit代码。
我使用assertTrue（布尔值）和try/catch组合来查找要抛出的预期异常。下面是一个示例：
public void testConstructor() {
boolean expectedExceptionThrown;
try {
// Call constructor with bad arguments
double a = 1;
double b = 2;
double c = a + b; // In my example, this is an invalid option for c
new Triangle(a, b, c);
expectedExceptionThrown = false; // because it successfully constructed the object
}
catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
expectedExceptionThrown = true; // because I'm in this catch block
}
catch(Exception e) {
expectedExceptionThrown = false; // because it threw an exception but not the one expected
}
assertTrue(expectedExceptionThrown);
}
有两种编写测试用例的方法
使用方法引发的异常来注释测试。类似于@Test（预期=IndexOutOfBoundsException.class）您可以使用try-catch块在测试类中捕获异常，并对从测试类中的方法抛出的消息进行断言。尝试{}catch（从方法e抛出的异常）{assertEquals（“message”，即getmessage（））；}
我希望这能回答你的问题快乐学习。。。
我建议库assertj核心处理junit测试中的异常
在java 8中，如下所示：
//given
//when
Throwable throwable = catchThrowable(() -> anyService.anyMethod(object));
//then
AnyException anyException = (AnyException) throwable;
assertThat(anyException.getMessage()).isEqualTo("........");
assertThat(exception.getCode()).isEqualTo(".......);
我们可以在必须返回异常的方法之后使用断言失败：
try{
methodThatThrowMyException();
Assert.fail("MyException is not thrown !");
} catch (final Exception exception) {
// Verify if the thrown exception is instance of MyException, otherwise throws an assert failure
assertTrue(exception instanceof MyException, "An exception other than MyException is thrown !");
// In case of verifying the error message
MyException myException = (MyException) exception;
assertEquals("EXPECTED ERROR MESSAGE", myException.getMessage());
}
