今天早上有个帖子问有多少人禁用JavaScript。然后我开始想知道可以使用什么技术来确定用户是否禁用了它。

有人知道一些简单的方法来检测JavaScript是否被禁用吗?我的意图是给一个警告,如果浏览器没有启用JS,站点将无法正常运行。

最终,我想把它们重定向到能够在没有JS的情况下工作的内容,但我需要这个检测作为一个占位符来开始。


当前回答

当然,cookie和HTTP报头是很好的解决方案,但两者都需要显式的服务器端参与。

对于简单的网站,或者我没有后端访问,我更喜欢客户端解决方案。

--

我使用下面的代码为HTML元素本身设置一个class属性,这样我的CSS就可以处理几乎所有其他显示类型逻辑。

方法:

1)将<script>document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0]. classlist .add('js-enabled');</script>放在<html>元素之上。

警告! ! ! ! 这个方法,将覆盖所有<html>类属性,更不用说可能不是“有效”的html,但在所有浏览器中都可以工作,我已经测试过了。

*注意:由于脚本运行的时间,在<html>标记被处理之前,它最终得到一个没有节点的空classList集合,所以在脚本完成时,<html>元素将只给出您添加的类。

2)保留所有其他<html>类属性,只需将script <script>document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0]. classlist .add('js-enabled');</script>放在<html>标签后面。

在这两种情况下,如果JS被禁用,则不会对<html>类属性进行任何更改。

选择

这些年来,我使用了其他一些方法:

    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!-- 
        (function(d, a, b){ 
            let x = function(){
                // Select and swap
                let hits = d.getElementsByClassName(a);
                for( let i = hits.length - 1; i >= 0; i-- ){
                    hits[i].classList.add(b);
                    hits[i].classList.remove(a);
                }
            };
            // Initialize Second Pass...
            setTimeout(function(){ x(); },0);
            x();
        })(document, 'no-js', 'js-enabled' );
    -->
</script>

//简化为:

<script type="text/javascript">
    <!-- 
        (function(d, a, b, x, hits, i){x=function(){hits=d.getElementsByClassName(a);for(i=hits.length-1;i>=0;i--){hits[i].classList.add(b);hits[i].classList.remove(a);}};setTimeout(function(){ x(); },0);x();})(document, 'no-js', 'js-enabled' );
    -->
</script>

这将在页面中循环两次,一次在页面中它所在的位置,通常在<html>和 再次页面加载后。需要两次,因为我注入了一个头。一个CMS的tpl文件,我没有后端访问,但想为no-js片段提供样式选项。

第一步,将设置.js启用的类,允许任何全局样式生效,并阻止大多数进一步的回流。第二步,是所有后来包含的内容的总称。

推理:

主要原因是,我关心是否启用JS是为了“样式化”的目的,隐藏/显示一个表单,启用/禁用按钮或重新设置滑块、表格和其他需要JS“正确”运行的表示和布局,如果没有JS来动画或处理交互,将是无用或不可用的。

此外,你不能直接用javascript检测,如果javascript被“禁用”…只有当它是“启用”时,通过执行一些javascript,所以你要么依赖<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="2;url=/url/to/no-js/content.html" />,要么你可以依靠CSS来切换样式,如果javascript执行,切换到“启用js”模式。

其他回答

我建议您反过来编写不引人注目的JavaScript。

使您的项目的功能为禁用JavaScript的用户工作,当您完成后,实现您的JavaScript ui增强。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unobtrusive_JavaScript

下面是一个PHP脚本,它可以在生成任何输出之前包含一次。它不是完美的,但在大多数情况下,它工作得足够好,以避免交付客户端不会使用的内容或代码。标题注释解释了它是如何工作的。

<?php
/*****************************************************************************
 * JAVASCRIPT DETECTION                                                      *
 *****************************************************************************/

// Progressive enhancement and graceful degradation are not sufficient if we
// want to avoid sending HTML or JavaScript code that won't be useful on the
// client side.  A normal HTTP request will not include any explicit indicator
// that JavaScript is enabled in the client.  So a "preflight response" is
// needed to prompt the client to provide an indicator in a follow-up request.
// Once the state of JavaScript availability has been received the state of
// data received in the original request must be restored before proceding.
// To the user, this handshake should be as invisible as possible.
// 
// The most convenient place to store the original data is in a PHP session.
// The PHP session extension will try to use a cookie to pass the session ID
// but if cookies are not enabled it will insert it into the query string.
// This violates our preference for invisibility.  When Javascript is not
// enabled the only way to effect a client side redirect is with a "meta"
// element with its "http-equiv" attribute set to "refresh".  In this case
// modifying the URL is the only way to pass the session ID back.
//
// But when cookies are disabled and JavaScript is enabled then a client side
// redirect can be effected by setting the "window.onload" method to a function
// which submits a form.  The form has a "method" attribute of "post" and an
// "action" attribute set to the original URL.  The form contains two hidden
// input elements, one in which the session ID is stored and one in which the
// state of JavaScript availability is stored.  Both values are thereby passed
// back to the server in a POST request while the URL remains unchanged.  The
// follow-up request will be a POST even if the original request was a GET, but
// since the original request data is restored, the containing script ought to
// process the request as though it were a GET.

// In order to ensure that the constant SID is defined as the caller of this
// script would expect, call session_start if it hasn't already been called.
$session = isset($_SESSION);
if (!$session) session_start();

// Use a separate session for Javascript detection.  Save the caller's session
// name and ID.  If this is the followup request then close the caller's
// session and reopen the Javascript detection session.  Otherwise, generate a
// new session ID, close the caller's session and create a new session for
// Javascript detection.
$session_name = session_name();
$session_id = session_id();
session_write_close();
session_name('JS_DETECT');
if (isset($_COOKIE['JS_DETECT'])) {
    session_id($_COOKIE['JS_DETECT']);
} elseif (isset($_REQUEST['JS_DETECT'])) {
    session_id($_REQUEST['JS_DETECT']);
} else {
    session_id(sha1(mt_rand()));
}
session_start();

if (isset($_SESSION['_SERVER'])) {
    // Preflight response already sent.
    // Store the JavaScript availability status in a constant.
    define('JS_ENABLED', 0+$_REQUEST['JS_ENABLED']);
    // Store the cookie availability status in a constant.
    define('COOKIES_ENABLED', isset($_COOKIE['JS_DETECT']));
    // Expire the cookies if they exist.
    setcookie('JS_DETECT', 0, time()-3600);
    setcookie('JS_ENABLED', 0, time()-3600);
    // Restore the original request data.
    $_GET = $_SESSION['_GET'];
    $_POST = $_SESSION['_POST'];
    $_FILES = $_SESSION['_FILES'];
    $_COOKIE = $_SESSION['_COOKIE'];
    $_SERVER = $_SESSION['_SERVER'];
    $_REQUEST = $_SESSION['_REQUEST'];
    // Ensure that uploaded files will be deleted if they are not moved or renamed.
    function unlink_uploaded_files () {
        foreach (array_keys($_FILES) as $k)
            if (file_exists($_FILES[$k]['tmp_name']))
                unlink($_FILES[$k]['tmp_name']);
    }
    register_shutdown_function('unlink_uploaded_files');
    // Reinitialize the superglobal.
    $_SESSION = array();
    // Destroy the Javascript detection session.
    session_destroy();
    // Reopen the caller's session.
    session_name($session_name);
    session_id($session_id);
    if ($session) session_start();
    unset($session, $session_name, $session_id, $tmp_name);
    // Complete the request.
} else {
    // Preflight response not sent so send it.
    // To cover the case where cookies are enabled but JavaScript is disabled,
    // initialize the cookie to indicate that JavaScript is disabled.
    setcookie('JS_ENABLED', 0);
    // Prepare the client side redirect used when JavaScript is disabled.
    $content = '0; url='.$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
    if (!$_GET['JS_DETECT']) {
        $content .= empty($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']) ? '?' : '&';
        $content .= 'JS_DETECT='.session_id();
    }
    // Remove request data which should only be used here.
    unset($_GET['JS_DETECT'],$_GET['JS_ENABLED'],
            $_POST['JS_DETECT'],$_POST['JS_ENABLED'],
            $_COOKIE['JS_DETECT'],$_COOKIE['JS_ENABLED'],
            $_REQUEST['JS_DETECT'],$_REQUEST['JS_ENABLED']);
    // Save all remaining request data in session data.
    $_SESSION['_GET'] = $_GET;
    $_SESSION['_POST'] = $_POST;
    $_SESSION['_FILES'] = $_FILES;
    $_SESSION['_COOKIE'] = $_COOKIE;
    $_SESSION['_SERVER'] = $_SERVER;
    $_SESSION['_REQUEST'] = $_REQUEST;
    // Rename any uploaded files so they won't be deleted by PHP.  When using
    // a clustered web server, upload_tmp_dir must point to shared storage.
    foreach (array_keys($_FILES) as $k) {
        $tmp_name = $_FILES[$k]['tmp_name'].'x';
        if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES[$k]['tmp_name'], $tmp_name))
            $_SESSION['_FILES'][$k]['tmp_name'] = $tmp_name;
    }
// Have the client inform the server as to the status of Javascript.
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <script>
        document.cookie = 'JS_ENABLED=1';
// location.reload causes a confirm box in FireFox
//      if (document.cookie) { location.reload(true); }
        if (document.cookie) { location.href = location; }
    </script>
    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="<?=$content?>" />
</head>
<body>
    <form id="formid" method="post" action="" >
        <input type="hidden" name="<?=$session_name?>" value="<?=$session_id?>" />
        <input type="hidden" name="JS_DETECT" value="<?=session_id()?>" />
        <input type="hidden" name="JS_ENABLED" value="1" />
    </form>
    <script>
        document.getElementById('formid').submit();
    </script>
</body>
</html>
<?php
    exit;
}
?>

为什么需要知道服务器端是否启用了JavaScript ?浏览器支持哪种变体有关系吗?它是否需要理解关键字let或者只是var ?

我建议发送可读的内容,不需要任何JavaScript可访问,然后只是尝试加载JS文件添加所有你想要的JS行为。

For example, the UI might end up missing Login or Modify button if JS is not enabled and it might include a small text at the bottom (using <noscript> or some element with CSS animation that shows the text after a small delay if JS code doesn't remove the whole element soon enough) saying "To login/modify this content, you must enable JavaScript support in your browser." If you do this well, the reader may not even notice that anything is missing unless he or she is trying to login or modify the content.

作为一种优化,你可以用JavaScript设置cookie,如果你想异步获取它,服务器可以避免发送非JavaScript可读的内容。只是要确保在JS代码运行完成至少一次之后才设置这个cookie,而不是在JS代码开始运行时立即设置它,以确保当JS代码由于任何原因失败时(不是如果!)最终用户不会以空白屏幕结束。

(请注意,异步加载初始页面状态不会更快地将内容传递给最终用户。但是,如果没有JavaScript,您只能发送全部内容的一部分。这可以更快地呈现“优先”,然后使用JS代码异步加载页面的其余部分。)

作为一个额外的好处,搜索引擎仍然可以在不启用任何JavaScript的情况下索引您的站点。

你可以使用一个简单的JS代码片段来设置隐藏字段的值。当发布回来时,你知道JS是否被启用。

或者你可以尝试打开一个弹出窗口,然后迅速关闭(但可能是可见的)。

你也有NOSCRIPT标签,你可以用它在禁用JS的浏览器中显示文本。

noscript块在JavaScript被禁用时执行,通常用于显示你用JavaScript生成的替代内容,例如:

<script type="javascript">
    ... construction of ajaxy-link,  setting of "js-enabled" cookie flag, etc..
</script>
<noscript>
    <a href="next_page.php?nojs=1">Next Page</a>
</noscript>

没有js的用户会得到next_page链接——你可以在这里添加参数,这样你就可以在下一页知道他们是否通过js /非js链接来访问,或者试图通过js设置cookie,如果没有这些就意味着js被禁用了。这两个例子都非常琐碎,可以进行操作,但是您可以理解其中的含义。

如果你想知道有多少用户禁用了javascript,你可以这样做:

<noscript>
    <img src="no_js.gif" alt="Javascript not enabled" />
</noscript>

然后检查您的访问日志,看看这个映像被击中了多少次。这是一个略显粗糙的解决方案,但它将为你的用户基础提供一个很好的百分比。

上面的方法(图像跟踪)不适用于纯文本浏览器或根本不支持js的浏览器,所以如果你的用户群主要倾向于这方面,这可能不是最好的方法。