您不能更改现有列的标识。

你有两个选择，

创建一个带有标识的新表并删除现有表 创建一个具有标识的新列并删除现有列

方法1。(新表)在这里，您可以保留新创建的标识列上的现有数据值。请注意，如果不满足'if not exists'，您将丢失所有数据，因此请确保您将条件也放在drop上!

CREATE TABLE dbo.Tmp_Names
    (
      Id int NOT NULL
             IDENTITY(1, 1),
      Name varchar(50) NULL
    )
ON  [PRIMARY]
go

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_Names ON
go

IF EXISTS ( SELECT  *
            FROM    dbo.Names ) 
    INSERT  INTO dbo.Tmp_Names ( Id, Name )
            SELECT  Id,
                    Name
            FROM    dbo.Names TABLOCKX
go

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tmp_Names OFF
go

DROP TABLE dbo.Names
go

Exec sp_rename 'Tmp_Names', 'Names'

方法2(新列)不能在新创建的标识列上保留现有数据值，标识列将保留数字序列。

Alter Table Names
Add Id_new Int Identity(1, 1)
Go

Alter Table Names Drop Column ID
Go

Exec sp_rename 'Names.Id_new', 'ID', 'Column'

请参阅以下Microsoft SQL Server论坛帖子了解更多细节:

如何将列更改为identity(1,1)

为所有没有标识集的主键= bigint的表生成脚本;这将返回每个表的生成脚本列表;

SET NOCOUNT ON;

declare @sql table(s varchar(max), id int identity)

DECLARE @table_name nvarchar(max),
        @table_schema nvarchar(max);

DECLARE vendor_cursor CURSOR FOR 
SELECT
  t.name, s.name
FROM sys.schemas AS s
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
  ON s.[schema_id] = t.[schema_id]
WHERE EXISTS (
    SELECT
    [c].[name]
    from sys.columns [c]
    join sys.types [y] on [y].system_type_id = [c].system_type_id
    where [c].[object_id] = [t].[object_id] and [y].name = 'bigint' and [c].[column_id] = 1
) and NOT EXISTS 
(
  SELECT 1 FROM sys.identity_columns
    WHERE [object_id] = t.[object_id]
) and exists (
    select 1 from sys.indexes as [i] 
    inner join sys.index_columns as [ic]  ON  i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
    where object_name([ic].[object_id]) = [t].[name]
)
OPEN vendor_cursor

FETCH NEXT FROM vendor_cursor 
INTO @table_name, @table_schema

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

DELETE FROM @sql

declare @pkname varchar(100),
    @pkcol nvarchar(100)

SELECT  top 1
        @pkname = i.name,
        @pkcol = COL_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID,ic.column_id)
FROM    sys.indexes AS [i]
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS [ic] ON  i.OBJECT_ID = ic.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
WHERE   i.is_primary_key = 1 and OBJECT_NAME(ic.OBJECT_ID) = @table_name

declare @q nvarchar(max) = 'SELECT  '+@pkcol+' FROM ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'] ORDER BY '+@pkcol+' DESC'

DECLARE @ident_seed nvarchar(max) -- Change this to the datatype that you are after
SET @q = REPLACE(@q, 'SELECT', 'SELECT TOP 1 @output = ')
EXEC sp_executeSql @q, N'@output bigint OUTPUT', @ident_seed OUTPUT

insert into  @sql(s) values ('BEGIN TRANSACTION')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('BEGIN TRY')

-- create statement
insert into  @sql(s) values ('create table ['+@table_schema+'].[' + @table_name + '_Temp] (')

-- column list
insert into @sql(s) 
select 
    '  ['+[c].[name]+'] ' +
    y.name + 

    (case when [y].[name] like '%varchar' then
    coalesce('('+(case when ([c].[max_length] < 0 or [c].[max_length] >= 1024) then 'max' else cast([c].max_length as varchar) end)+')','')
    else '' end)

     + ' ' +
    case when [c].name = @pkcol then 'IDENTITY(' +COALESCE(@ident_seed, '1')+',1)' else '' end + ' ' +
    ( case when c.is_nullable = 0 then 'NOT ' else '' end ) + 'NULL ' + 
    coalesce('DEFAULT ('+(
        REPLACE(
            REPLACE(
                LTrim(
                    RTrim(
                        REPLACE(
                            REPLACE(
                                REPLACE(
                                    REPLACE(
                                        LTrim(
                                            RTrim(
                                                REPLACE(
                                                    REPLACE(
                                                        object_definition([c].default_object_id)
                                                    ,' ','~')
                                                ,')',' ')
                                            )
                                        )
                                    ,' ','*')
                                ,'~',' ')
                            ,' ','~')
                        ,'(',' ')
                    )
                )
            ,' ','*')
        ,'~',' ')
    ) +
    case when object_definition([c].default_object_id) like '%get%date%' then '()' else '' end
    +
    ')','') + ','
 from sys.columns c
 JOIN sys.types y ON y.system_type_id = c.system_type_id
  where OBJECT_NAME(c.[object_id]) = @table_name and [y].name != 'sysname'
 order by [c].column_id


 update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity

-- closing bracket
insert into @sql(s) values( ')' )

insert into @sql(s) values( 'SET IDENTITY_INSERT ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp] ON')

declare @cols nvarchar(max)
SELECT @cols = STUFF(
    (
        select ',['+c.name+']'
        from sys.columns c
        JOIN sys.types y ON y.system_type_id = c.system_type_id
        where c.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID(@table_name)
        and [y].name != 'sysname'
        and [y].name != 'timestamp'
        order by [c].column_id
        FOR XML PATH ('')
     )
    , 1, 1, '')

insert into @sql(s) values( 'IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'])')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'EXEC(''INSERT INTO ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp] ('+@cols+')')
insert into @sql(s) values( 'SELECT '+@cols+' FROM ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+']'')')

insert into @sql(s) values( 'SET IDENTITY_INSERT ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp] OFF')


insert into @sql(s) values( 'DROP TABLE ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+']')

insert into @sql(s) values( 'EXECUTE sp_rename N''['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'_Temp]'', N'''+@table_name+''', ''OBJECT''')

if ( @pkname is not null ) begin
    insert into @sql(s) values('ALTER TABLE ['+@table_schema+'].['+@table_name+'] ADD CONSTRAINT ['+@pkname+'] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (')
    insert into @sql(s)
        select '  ['+COLUMN_NAME+'] ASC,' from information_schema.key_column_usage
        where constraint_name = @pkname
        GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME, ordinal_position
        order by ordinal_position

    -- remove trailing comma
    update @sql set s=left(s,len(s)-1) where id=@@identity
    insert into @sql(s) values ('  )')
end

insert into  @sql(s) values ('--Run your Statements')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('COMMIT TRANSACTION')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('END TRY')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('BEGIN CATCH')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('        DECLARE @Msg NVARCHAR(MAX)  ')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('        SELECT @Msg=ERROR_MESSAGE() ')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('        RAISERROR(''Error Occured: %s'', 20, 101,@msg) WITH LOG')
insert into  @sql(s) values ('END CATCH')

declare @fqry nvarchar(max)

-- result!
SELECT @fqry = (select char(10) + s from @sql order by id FOR XML PATH (''))


SELECT @table_name as [Table_Name], @fqry as [Generated_Query]
PRINT 'Table: '+@table_name
EXEC sp_executeSql @fqry

    FETCH NEXT FROM vendor_cursor 
    INTO @table_name, @table_schema
END 
CLOSE vendor_cursor;
DEALLOCATE vendor_cursor;

我是一名java开发人员，碰巧加入了一个没有DBA的团队，而作为一名开发人员，我无法获得DBA权限。我的任务是在两个数据库之间移动整个模式，所以没有DBA，我必须通过运行脚本来完成，不能使用SQL Server 2008中的GUI，因为我没有管理权限。

但是，在新模式上运行存储过程时，所有内容都被移动了。表，我发现我丢失了一个表的标识字段。我仔细检查了创建表的脚本，它在那里，但是，SQL Server在我运行脚本时没有得到它。后来，一位DBA告诉我，他以前见过同样的问题。

在任何情况下，对于SQL Server 2008，这些是我采取的步骤来解决这个问题，他们工作，所以我张贴在这里，希望它会对某人有所帮助。这是我所做的，因为我对另一个表有FK依赖，这使得这更困难:

我使用这个查询来验证标识确实缺失，并查看表上的依赖关系。

1)。查找表上的统计信息:

exec sp_help 'dbo.table_name_old';

2)。创建一个重复的、完全相同的新表，只是在原来的PK字段上添加了一个标识字段。

3)。禁用标识以移动数据。

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.table_name ON 

4)。传输数据。

INSERT INTO dbo.table_name_new
(
field1, field2, etc...
)
SELECT 
field1, field2, etc...
FROM 
dbo.table_name_old;

5)。验证数据是否存在。

SELECT * FROM dbo.table_name_new

6)。重新启用标识。

SET IDENTITY_INSERT ToyRecP.ToyAwards.lkpFile_New OFF

7)。这是我找到的获得所有FK关系以验证原始表引用哪个表作为依赖项的最佳脚本 我遇到过很多，所以它是一个保存者!

SELECT f.name AS ForeignKey,
   OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) AS TableName,
   COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS ColumnName,
   OBJECT_NAME (f.referenced_object_id) AS ReferenceTableName,
   COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) AS ReferenceColumnName
FROM sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc
   ON f.OBJECT_ID = fc.constraint_object_id
   ORDER BY ReferenceTableName;

8)。在进行下一步之前，请确保您拥有所有涉及到的表的所有PK和FK脚本。

9)。您可以右键单击每个键并使用SQL Server 2008编写脚本

10)。使用以下语法从依赖表中删除FK:

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[table_name] DROP CONSTRAINT [Name_of_FK]

11)。删除原来的表:

DROP TABLE dbo.table_name_old;

13)。接下来的步骤依赖于您在SQL Server 2008第9步中创建的脚本。

将PK添加到新表中。

——将FK添加到新表中。

——将FK添加回依赖项表。

14)。验证所有内容是否正确和完整。我使用GUI查看表格。

15)。将新表重命名为原始表名。

exec sp_RENAME '[Schema_Name.OldTableName]' , '[NewTableName]';

最后，一切都成功了!

As I understood in normal cases we are creating a table with Primary key which is having Identity property So Rename or Delete a column which is associated with Primary Key constraint will not be possible because constraint Rules are validating column structure. Tto achieve this we have to process some steps in the following way: Let us assume TableName = 'Employee' and ColumnName = 'EmployeeId' 1. Add new column 'EmployeeId_new' in the 'Employee' table ALTER TABLE Employee ADD EmployeeId_new INT IDENTITY(1,1)

Now remove column 'EmployeeId' from 'Employee' table ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN EmployeeId This will throw error because of Primary Key Constraint rules are applicable and validating column structure. *### 'Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The object [PK_dbo.Employee] is dependent on colmn [EmployeeId].'### So we have to remove the Primary Key constraint first from the table 'Employee' then we can remove the column ALTER TABLE Employee DROP constraint [PK_dbo.Employee] Now we can remove the column 'EmployeeId' from 'Employee' table as did in the previous step where we got error ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN EmployeeId Now Column 'EmployeeId' removed from table So we will Rename the newly added new column 'EmployeeId_new' with 'EmployeeId' sp_rename 'Employee.EmployeeId', 'EmployeeId_new', 'COLUMN' To rearrange the table in the same form as It was, we have to add Primary Key Constraint for the column 'EmployeeId' ALTER TABLE Employee add constraint [PK_dbo.Employee] primary key (EmployeeId)

8. 现在，带有'EmployeeId'的表'Employee'随着现有的主键约束被修改为Identity规则

如果最初的海报实际上想要设置一个现有的列为表的PRIMARY KEY，实际上不需要列为IDENTITY列(两种不同的东西)，那么这可以通过t-SQL完成:

ALTER TABLE [YourTableName]
ADD CONSTRAINT [ColumnToSetAsPrimaryKey] PRIMARY KEY ([ColumnToSetAsPrimaryKey])

请注意，在PRIMARY KEY选项之后，列名周围的括号。

虽然这篇文章是旧的，我只是对请求者的需求做了一个假设，但我觉得这些额外的信息可能会对遇到这个线程的用户有所帮助，因为我相信对话可能会导致一个人认为，如果不先将现有的列添加为新列，就不能将其设置为主键，这是不正确的。

在对象资源管理器中右键单击表名。你会得到一些选择。点击“设计”。将为该表打开一个新选项卡。您可以在“列属性”中添加标识约束。