为什么c++没有虚构造函数?


当前回答

A virtual-table(vtable) is made for each Class having one or more 'virtual-functions'. Whenever an Object is created of such class, it contains a 'virtual-pointer' which points to the base of corresponding vtable. Whenever there is a virtual function call, the vtable is used to resolve to the function address. Constructor can not be virtual, because when constructor of a class is executed there is no vtable in the memory, means no virtual pointer defined yet. Hence the constructor should always be non-virtual.

其他回答

与面向对象的语言(如Smalltalk或Python)不同,这些语言的构造函数是表示类的对象的虚拟方法(这意味着您不需要GoF抽象工厂模式,因为您可以传递表示类的对象,而不是自己创建),c++是一种基于类的语言,并且没有表示语言的任何构造的对象。该类在运行时不作为对象存在,因此不能对其调用虚方法。

这符合“不用就不用付钱”的理念,尽管我所见过的每个大型c++项目最终都实现了某种形式的抽象工厂或反射。

抛开语义上的原因不谈,在对象被构造之后才有虚表,因此虚表的指定是无用的。

When a constructor is invoked, although there is no object created till that point, we still know the kind of object that is gonna be created because the specific constructor of the class to which the object belongs to has already been called. Virtual keyword associated with a function means the function of a particular object type is gonna be called. So, my thinking says that there is no need to make the virtual constructor because already the desired constructor whose object is gonna be created has been invoked and making constructor virtual is just a redundant thing to do because the object-specific constructor has already been invoked and this is same as calling class-specific function which is achieved through the virtual keyword. Although the inner implementation won’t allow virtual constructor for vptr and vtable related reasons.

Another reason is that C++ is a statically typed language and we need to know the type of a variable at compile-time. The compiler must be aware of the class type to create the object. The type of object to be created is a compile-time decision. If we make the constructor virtual then it means that we don’t need to know the type of the object at compile-time(that’s what virtual function provide. We don’t need to know the actual object and just need the base pointer to point an actual object call the pointed object’s virtual functions without knowing the type of the object) and if we don’t know the type of the object at compile time then it is against the statically typed languages. And hence, run-time polymorphism cannot be achieved. Hence, Constructor won’t be called without knowing the type of the object at compile-time. And so the idea of making a virtual constructor fails.

c++中的虚函数是运行时多态性的一种实现,它们将执行函数覆盖。在c++中,当需要动态行为时,通常使用virtual关键字。只有当对象存在时,它才会工作。而构造函数用于创建对象。构造函数将在对象创建时调用。

因此,如果您将构造函数创建为virtual,根据virtual关键字定义,它应该有现有的对象可以使用,但构造函数用于创建对象,因此这种情况将永远不存在。所以你不应该将构造函数作为虚函数使用。

因此,如果我们试图声明虚拟构造函数编译器抛出一个错误:

构造函数不能声明为虚函数

我们不能简单地说…我们不能继承构造函数。因此没有必要将它们声明为虚拟的,因为虚拟提供了多态性。