是否有跨浏览器的CSS/JavaScript技术来显示一个长HTML表,使列标题保持固定在屏幕上,而不随表体滚动。想想微软Excel中的“冻结窗格”效果。

我希望能够滚动表的内容,但总是能够在顶部看到列标题。


当前回答

很多人似乎都在寻找这个答案。我发现它隐藏在这里的另一个问题的答案:同步两个不同帧的表之间的列宽度,等等

在我尝试过的几十种方法中,这是我发现的唯一一种可靠的方法,可以让你有一个滚动的底部表,头部表具有相同的宽度。

以下是我是如何做到的,首先我改进了上面的jsfiddle来创建这个函数,它在td和th上都可以工作(以防绊倒其他人谁使用th来样式化他们的标题行)。

var setHeaderTableWidth= function (headertableid,basetableid) {
            $("#"+headertableid).width($("#"+basetableid).width());
            $("#"+headertableid+" tr th").each(function (i) {
                $(this).width($($("#"+basetableid+" tr:first td")[i]).width());
            });
            $("#" + headertableid + " tr td").each(function (i) {
                $(this).width($($("#" + basetableid + " tr:first td")[i]).width());
            });
        }

接下来,你需要创建两个表,注意头表应该有一个额外的TD,以便在顶部表中为滚动条留出空间,就像这样:

 <table id="headertable1" class="input-cells table-striped">
        <thead>
            <tr style="background-color:darkgray;color:white;"><th>header1</th><th>header2</th><th>header3</th><th>header4</th><th>header5</th><th>header6</th><th></th></tr>
        </thead>
     </table>
    <div id="resizeToBottom" style="overflow-y:scroll;overflow-x:hidden;">
        <table id="basetable1" class="input-cells table-striped">
            <tbody >
                <tr>
                    <td>testdata</td>
                    <td>2</td>
                    <td>3</td>
                    <td>4</span></td>
                    <td>55555555555555</td>
                    <td>test</td></tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>

然后这样做:

        setHeaderTableWidth('headertable1', 'basetable1');
        $(window).resize(function () {
            setHeaderTableWidth('headertable1', 'basetable1');
        });

这是我在Stack Overflow上找到的唯一解决方案,可以解决许多类似的问题,在我所有的情况下都有效。

例如,我尝试了不与durandal工作的jQuery stickytables插件和谷歌代码项目https://code.google.com/p/js-scroll-table-header/issues/detail?id=2

其他涉及克隆表的解决方案性能很差,或者很糟糕,并不是在所有情况下都有效。

没有必要使用这些过于复杂的解决方案。只需像下面的例子一样创建两个表,并像这里描述的那样调用setHeaderTableWidth函数,然后嘣,你就完成了。

如果这对你不起作用,你可能在玩你的CSS box-sizing属性,你需要正确设置它。很容易意外地搞砸你的CSS内容。有很多事情都可能出错,所以要注意/小心。这种方法对我很有效。

其他回答

不知怎的,我以Position:Sticky在我的案例中工作得很好:

table{ width: 100%; border: collapse; } th{ position: sticky; top: 0px; border: 1px solid black; background: #ff5722; color: #f5f5f5; font-weight: 600; } td{ background: #d3d3d3; border: 1px solid black; color: #f5f5f5; font-weight: 600; } div{ height: 150px overflow: auto; width: 100% } <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>header 1</th> <th>header 2</th> <th>header 3</th> <th>header 4</th> <th>header 5</th> <th>header 6</th> <th>header 7</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>data 1</td> <td>data 2</td> <td>data 3</td> <td>data 4</td> <td>data 5</td> <td>data 6</td> <td>data 7</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>

几乎所有的现代浏览器都支持它!

// '.tbl-content' consumed little space for vertical scrollbar, scrollbar width depend on browser/os/platfrom. Here calculate the scollbar width . $(window).on("load resize ", function() { var scrollWidth = $('.tbl-content').width() - $('.tbl-content table').width(); $('.tbl-header').css({ 'padding-right': scrollWidth }); }).resize(); h1 { font-size: 30px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 300; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 15px; } table { width: 100%; table-layout: fixed; } .tbl-header { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } .tbl-content { height: 300px; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3); } th { padding: 20px 15px; text-align: left; font-weight: 500; font-size: 12px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; } td { padding: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: 300; font-size: 12px; color: #fff; border-bottom: solid 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); } /* demo styles */ @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400,500,300,700); body { background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #25c481, #25b7c4); background: linear-gradient(to right, #25c481, #25b7c4); font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif; } section { margin: 50px; } /* follow me template */ .made-with-love { margin-top: 40px; padding: 10px; clear: left; text-align: center; font-size: 10px; font-family: arial; color: #fff; } .made-with-love i { font-style: normal; color: #F50057; font-size: 14px; position: relative; top: 2px; } .made-with-love a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .made-with-love a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } /* for custom scrollbar for webkit browser*/ ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); } <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <section> <!--for demo wrap--> <h1>Fixed Table header</h1> <div class="tbl-header"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Company</th> <th>Price</th> <th>Change</th> <th>Change %</th> </tr> </thead> </table> </div> <div class="tbl-content"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAC</td> <td>AUSTRALIAN COMPANY </td> <td>$1.38</td> <td>+2.01</td> <td>-0.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAD</td> <td>AUSENCO</td> <td>$2.38</td> <td>-0.01</td> <td>-1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AAX</td> <td>ADELAIDE</td> <td>$3.22</td> <td>+0.01</td> <td>+1.36%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>XXD</td> <td>ADITYA BIRLA</td> <td>$1.02</td> <td>-1.01</td> <td>+2.36%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section>

所有从CSS规范之外解决这个问题的尝试都是我们真正想要的:按照THEAD的隐含承诺交付。

这个冻结表头的问题长期以来一直是HTML/CSS中的一个开放性问题。

在理想的情况下,应该有一个纯css解决方案来解决这个问题。不幸的是,似乎没有一个合适的。

相关标准-关于此主题的讨论包括:

粘性定位提案网址:http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Jun/0627.html 请在阿特金斯提出的“位置-根”、“位置-包含”或“位置-限制”的建议中打上标签:http://www.xanthir.com/blog/b48H0

更新:Firefox的发货位置:粘在版本32。每个人都会赢!

我喜欢Maximillian Hils的回答,但我有一些问题:

这个变换在Edge或IE中不起作用,除非你把它应用到第th项上 在Edge和IE中滚动时,标题会闪烁 我的表是使用ajax加载的,所以我想附加到窗口滚动事件,而不是包装器的滚动事件

为了摆脱闪烁,我使用一个超时等待,直到用户完成滚动,然后我应用转换-所以在滚动期间头是不可见的。

我还使用jQuery编写了这篇文章,其优点之一是jQuery可以为您处理供应商前缀

    var isScrolling, lastTop, lastLeft, isLeftHidden, isTopHidden;

    //Scroll events don't bubble https://stackoverflow.com/a/19375645/150342
    //so can't use $(document).on("scroll", ".table-container-fixed", function (e) {
    document.addEventListener('scroll', function (event) {
        var $container = $(event.target);
        if (!$container.hasClass("table-container-fixed"))
            return;    

        //transform needs to be applied to th for Edge and IE
        //in this example I am also fixing the leftmost column
        var $topLeftCell = $container.find('table:first > thead > tr > th:first');
        var $headerCells = $topLeftCell.siblings();
        var $columnCells = $container
           .find('table:first > tbody > tr > td:first-child, ' +
                 'table:first > tfoot > tr > td:first-child');

        //hide the cells while returning otherwise they show on top of the data
        if (!isLeftHidden) {
            var currentLeft = $container.scrollLeft();
            if (currentLeft < lastLeft) {
                //scrolling left
                isLeftHidden = true;
                $topLeftCell.css('visibility', 'hidden');
                $columnCells.css('visibility', 'hidden');
            }
            lastLeft = currentLeft;
        }

        if (!isTopHidden) {
            var currentTop = $container.scrollTop();
            if (currentTop < lastTop) {
                //scrolling up
                isTopHidden = true;
                $topLeftCell.css('visibility', 'hidden');
                $headerCells.css('visibility', 'hidden');
            }
            lastTop = currentTop;
        }

        // Using timeout to delay transform until user stops scrolling
        // Clear timeout while scrolling
        window.clearTimeout(isScrolling);

        // Set a timeout to run after scrolling ends
        isScrolling = setTimeout(function () {
            //move the table cells. 
            var x = $container.scrollLeft();
            var y = $container.scrollTop();

            $topLeftCell.css('transform', 'translate(' + x + 'px, ' + y + 'px)');
            $headerCells.css('transform', 'translateY(' + y + 'px)');
            $columnCells.css('transform', 'translateX(' + x + 'px)');

            isTopHidden = isLeftHidden = false;
            $topLeftCell.css('visibility', 'inherit');
            $headerCells.css('visibility', 'inherit');
            $columnCells.css('visibility', 'inherit');
        }, 100);

    }, true);

表被包装在一个div中,类table-container-fixed。

.table-container-fixed{
    overflow: auto;
    height: 400px;
}

我将border-collapse设置为分开,否则在翻译过程中就会丢失边界,并且我删除了表上的边界,以防止内容在滚动过程中刚好出现在边界所在的单元格上方。

.table-container-fixed > table {
   border-collapse: separate;
   border:none;
}

我将th背景设置为白色以覆盖下面的单元格,并添加了与表格边框相匹配的边框——使用Bootstrap样式并滚动出视图。

 .table-container-fixed > table > thead > tr > th {
        border-top: 1px solid #ddd !important;
        background-color: white;        
        z-index: 10;
        position: relative;/*to make z-index work*/
    }

            .table-container-fixed > table > thead > tr > th:first-child {
                z-index: 20;
            }

.table-container-fixed > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child,
.table-container-fixed > table > tfoot > tr > td:first-child {
    background-color: white;        
    z-index: 10;
    position: relative;
}

我意识到这个问题允许JavaScript,但这里有一个纯CSS解决方案,我还允许表水平展开。它在ie10和最新的Chrome和Firefox浏览器上进行了测试。jsFiddle的链接在底部。

HTML:

Putting some text here to differentiate between the header
aligning with the top of the screen and the header aligning
with the top of one of its ancestor containers.

<div id="positioning-container">
<div id="scroll-container">
    <table>
        <colgroup>
            <col class="col1"></col>
            <col class="col2"></col>
        </colgroup>
        <thead>
            <th class="header-col1"><div>Header 1</div></th>
            <th class="header-col2"><div>Header 2</div></th>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Cell 3.1</td><td>Cell 3.2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Cell 4.1</td><td>Cell 4.2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Cell 5.1</td><td>Cell 5.2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Cell 6.1</td><td>Cell 6.2</td></tr>
            <tr><td>Cell 7.1</td><td>Cell 7.2</td></tr>

        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>
</div>

而CSS:

table{
    border-collapse: collapse;
    table-layout: fixed;
    width: 100%;
}
/* Not required, just helps with alignment for this example */
td, th{
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

tbody{
    background-color: #ddf;
}

thead {
    /* Keeps the header in place. Don't forget top: 0 */
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    background-color: #ddd;

    /* The 17px is to adjust for the scrollbar width.
     * This is a new css value that makes this pure
     * css example possible */
    width: calc(100% - 17px);
    height: 20px;
}

/* Positioning container. Required to position the
 * header since the header uses position:absolute
 * (otherwise it would position at the top of the screen) */
#positioning-container{
    position: relative;
}

/* A container to set the scroll-bar and
 * includes padding to move the table contents
 * down below the header (padding = header height) */
#scroll-container{
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding-top: 20px;
    height: 100px;
}
.header-col1{
    background-color: red;
}

/* Fixed-width header columns need a div to set their width */
.header-col1 div{
    width: 100px;
}

/* Expandable columns need a width set on the th tag */
.header-col2{
    width: 100%;
}
.col1 {
    width: 100px;
}
.col2{
    width: 100%;
}

http://jsfiddle.net/HNHRv/3/