我得到以下错误:

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>

下面是导致这个错误的代码:

if input.startswith("!web"):
    input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
    url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
    info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
    Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?


当前回答

Try

PIP install——trusted.host pypi.python.org packagename

这对我很管用。

其他回答

看一看

/Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command

您也可以进入Finder中的Applications文件夹,然后单击Certificates.command

对于Linux Python3.6,这对我来说是可行的。

从命令行安装pyopenssl和certifi

sudo pip3 install -U pyopenssl
sudo pip3 install certifi

在我的python3脚本中,添加了verify='/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/certifi/cacert。Pem '是这样的:

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
import certifi

auth = HTTPBasicAuth('username', 'password')
body = {}

r = requests.post(url='https://your_url.com', data=body, auth=auth, verify='/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem')

我也遇到了类似的问题,不过我在Python 3.4、3.5和3.6中使用了urllib.request.urlopen。(这是Python 3中urllib2的一部分,根据Python 2的urllib2文档页面头部的注释。)

我的解决方案是pip install certifi来安装certifi,它有:

... 一个精心策划的根证书集合,用于验证SSL证书的可信度,同时验证TLS主机的身份。

然后,在我的代码中,我之前只有:

import urllib.request as urlrq

resp = urlrq.urlopen('https://example.com/bar/baz.html')

我将其修改为:

import urllib.request as urlrq
import certifi

resp = urlrq.urlopen('https://example.com/bar/baz.html', cafile=certifi.where())

如果我读取urllib2。Urlopen文档正确,它也有一个cafile参数。所以,urllib2.urlopen([…], certificate .where())可能也适用于Python 2.7。


更新(2020-01-01):自Python 3.6起,已弃用urlopen的cafile参数,取而代之的应该是指定context参数。我发现以下功能在3.5到3.8版本中同样有效:

import urllib.request as urlrq
import certifi
import ssl

resp = urlrq.urlopen('https://example.com/bar/baz.html', context=ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certifi.where()))

这不是您特定问题的解决方案,但我把它放在这里是因为这个线程是“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”的顶部谷歌结果,它导致我在一个徒劳的追逐。

If you have installed Python 3.6 on OSX and are getting the "SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED" error when trying to connect to an https:// site, it's probably because Python 3.6 on OSX has no certificates at all, and can't validate any SSL connections. This is a change for 3.6 on OSX, and requires a post-install step, which installs the certifi package of certificates. This is documented in the file ReadMe.rtf, which you can find at /Applications/Python\ 3.6/ReadMe.rtf (see also the file Conclusion.rtf, and the script build-installer.py that generates the macOS installer).

ReadMe会让你运行安装后的脚本

/Applications/Python\ 3.10/Install\ Certificates.command(终端应用程序,这个命令应该单独解决问题。请确保使用当前的subversion更新文件路径。)

(它的源是install_certificates.command),其中:

首先安装Python包certifi,然后 然后创建一个从OpenSSL证书文件到包certificate安装的证书文件的符号链接。

发布说明有更多信息:https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-360/

在较新的Python版本中,有更多关于此的文档:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/ReadMe.rtf#L22-L34 https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Conclusion.rtf#L15-L19 https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Welcome.rtf#L23-L25 https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/install_certificates.command https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/README.rst https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py#L239-L246

像你一样,我在我的旧iMac (OS X 10.6.8)上使用python 2.7,我也遇到了这个问题,使用urllib2。urlopen:

urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]

我的程序运行得很好,没有SSL证书问题,突然(在下载程序后),它们因SSL错误而崩溃。

问题是使用的python版本:

https://www.python.org/downloads和python-2.7.9-macosx10.6.pkg没有问题 Homebrew工具安装的“brew install python”有问题,版本位于/usr/local/bin。

在/Applications/Python 2.7/ReadMe.rtf中,有一章名为证书验证和OpenSSL[已更改为Python 2.7.9],详细解释了这个问题。

因此,检查,下载并将正确版本的python放入您的PATH中。