我得到以下错误:
Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>
下面是导致这个错误的代码:
if input.startswith("!web"):
input = input.replace("!web ", "")
url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)
我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?
这不是您特定问题的解决方案，但我把它放在这里是因为这个线程是“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”的顶部谷歌结果，它导致我在一个徒劳的追逐。
If you have installed Python 3.6 on OSX and are getting the "SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED" error when trying to connect to an https:// site, it's probably because Python 3.6 on OSX has no certificates at all, and can't validate any SSL connections. This is a change for 3.6 on OSX, and requires a post-install step, which installs the certifi package of certificates. This is documented in the file ReadMe.rtf, which you can find at /Applications/Python\ 3.6/ReadMe.rtf (see also the file Conclusion.rtf, and the script build-installer.py that generates the macOS installer).
ReadMe会让你运行安装后的脚本
/Applications/Python\ 3.10/Install\ Certificates.command(终端应用程序，这个命令应该单独解决问题。请确保使用当前的subversion更新文件路径。)
(它的源是install_certificates.command)，其中:
首先安装Python包certifi，然后
然后创建一个从OpenSSL证书文件到包certificate安装的证书文件的符号链接。
发布说明有更多信息:https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-360/
在较新的Python版本中，有更多关于此的文档:
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/ReadMe.rtf#L22-L34
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Conclusion.rtf#L15-L19
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/Welcome.rtf#L23-L25
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/resources/install_certificates.command
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/README.rst
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/e05a703848473b0365886dcc593cbddc46609f29/Mac/BuildScript/build-installer.py#L239-L246
I was getting the same error, and also went on a wild goose chase for quite a while before I gave up and started trying things on my own. I eventually figured it out, so I thought I'd share. In my case, I am running Python 2.7.10 (due to reasons beyond my control) on Linux, don't have access to the requests module, can't install certificates globally at the OS or Python level, can't set any environment variables, and need to access a specific internal site that uses internally issued certificates.
注意:禁用SSL验证从来不是一个选项。我正在下载一个脚本，它可以立即以根用户的身份运行。没有SSL验证，任何web服务器都可以假装是我的目标主机，而我只是接受他们给我的任何东西，并以root身份运行它!
我将根证书和中间证书(可能不止一个)以pem格式保存到一个文件中，然后使用以下代码:
import ssl,urllib2
data = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=ssl.create_default_context(cafile='/path/to/ca-cert-chain.pem')), urllib2.ProxyHandler({})).open('https://your-site.com/somefile').read()
print(data)
注意，我在那里添加了urllib2.ProxyHandler({})。这是因为在我们的环境中，代理是默认设置的，但它们只能访问外部站点，不能访问内部站点。如果没有代理绕过，我就无法访问内部站点。如果你没有这个问题，你可以简化如下:
data = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=ssl.create_default_context(cafile='/path/to/ca-cert-chain.pem'))).open('https://your-site.com/somefile').read()
工作起来很有魅力，而且不会危及安全。
享受吧!
