用自定义字段扩展User模型(与Django的身份验证应用程序绑定)的最佳方法是什么?我还可能想使用电子邮件作为用户名(用于身份验证)。
我已经看到了一些方法，但不能决定哪一个是最好的。
当前回答
试试这个:
创建一个名为Profile的模型，并使用OneToOneField引用用户，并提供一个related_name选项。
models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import *
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
class Profile(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='user_profile')
def __str__(self):
return self.user.username
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
try:
if created:
Profile.objects.create(user=instance).save()
except Exception as err:
print('Error creating user profile!')
现在要使用User对象直接访问配置文件，可以使用related_name。
views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def home(request):
profile = f'profile of {request.user.user_profile}'
return HttpResponse(profile)
其他回答
在这里，我试图解释如何用额外的字段来扩展Django的Default用户模型 很简单，就这么做。
Django允许使用AbstractUser扩展默认的用户模型
注意:-首先创建一个额外的字段模型，你想添加到用户模型，然后运行命令python manage.py makemigrations和python manage.py migrate
首先运行——> python manage.py makemigrationthen
第二步运行python manage.py migrate
步骤:-创建一个带有额外字段的模型，你想在Django默认用户模型中添加这些字段(在我的例子中，我创建了CustomUser
model.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
# Create your models here.
class CustomUser(AbstractUser):
mobile_no = models.IntegerField(blank=True,null=True)
date_of_birth = models.DateField(blank=True,null=True)
在settings.py中添加你创建的模型名称，在我的例子中CustomUser是用户模型。在settings .py中注册，使其成为默认用户模型，
#settings.py
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'myapp.CustomUser'
最后在admin.py中注册CustomUser模型 # admin.py
@admin.register(CustomUser)
class CustomUserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("username","first_name","last_name","email","date_of_birth", "mobile_no")
然后执行命令python manage.py makemigrations
然后python manage.py migrate
然后python manage.py createsuperuser
现在你可以看到你的模型默认用户模型扩展了(mobile_no,date_of_birth)
你可以通过每次使用Django post save信号创建用户时创建一个新条目来扩展用户配置文件
models.py
from django.db.models.signals import *
from __future__ import unicode_literals
class UserProfile(models.Model):
user_name = models.OneToOneField(User, related_name='profile')
city = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True)
def __unicode__(self): # __str__
return unicode(self.user_name)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
userProfile.objects.create(user_name=instance)
post_save.connect(create_user_profile, sender=User)
这将在创建新用户时自动创建一个雇员实例。
如果你想扩展用户模型，并在创建用户时添加更多信息，你可以使用django-betterforms (http://django-betterforms.readthedocs.io/en/latest/multiform.html)。这将创建一个包含UserProfile模型中定义的所有字段的用户添加表单。
models.py
from django.db.models.signals import *
from __future__ import unicode_literals
class UserProfile(models.Model):
user_name = models.OneToOneField(User)
city = models.CharField(max_length=100)
def __unicode__(self): # __str__
return unicode(self.user_name)
forms.py
from django import forms
from django.forms import ModelForm
from betterforms.multiform import MultiModelForm
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from .models import *
class ProfileForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Employee
exclude = ('user_name',)
class addUserMultiForm(MultiModelForm):
form_classes = {
'user':UserCreationForm,
'profile':ProfileForm,
}
views.py
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from .models import *
from .forms import *
from django.views.generic import CreateView
class AddUser(CreateView):
form_class = AddUserMultiForm
template_name = "add-user.html"
success_url = '/your-url-after-user-created'
def form_valid(self, form):
user = form['user'].save()
profile = form['profile'].save(commit=False)
profile.user_name = User.objects.get(username= user.username)
profile.save()
return redirect(self.success_url)
addUser.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="." method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form }}
<button type="submit">Add</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
urls . py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from appName.views import *
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^add-user/$', AddUser.as_view(), name='add-user'),
]
这就是我所做的，在我看来这是最简单的方法。为您的新定制模型定义对象管理器，然后定义您的模型。
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin, AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
class User_manager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, username, email, gender, nickname, password):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(username=username, email=email, gender=gender, nickname=nickname)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self.db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, username, email, gender, password, nickname=None):
user = self.create_user(username=username, email=email, gender=gender, nickname=nickname, password=password)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save()
return user
class User(PermissionsMixin, AbstractBaseUser):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, )
email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
gender_choices = [("M", "Male"), ("F", "Female"), ("O", "Others")]
gender = models.CharField(choices=gender_choices, default="M", max_length=1)
nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32, blank=True, null=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ["email", "gender"]
USERNAME_FIELD = "username"
objects = User_manager()
def __str__(self):
return self.username
不要忘记在你的settings.py中添加这行代码:
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'YourApp.User'
我就是这么做的，而且总是管用。
现在已经太迟了，但我的答案是给那些用最新版本的Django寻找解决方案的人的。
models.py:
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
class Profile(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
extra_Field_1 = models.CharField(max_length=25, blank=True)
extra_Field_2 = models.CharField(max_length=25, blank=True)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
Profile.objects.create(user=instance)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
你可以在这样的模板中使用它:
<h2>{{ user.get_full_name }}</h2>
<ul>
<li>Username: {{ user.username }}</li>
<li>Location: {{ user.profile.extra_Field_1 }}</li>
<li>Birth Date: {{ user.profile.extra_Field_2 }}</li>
</ul>
在views.py中是这样的:
def update_profile(request, user_id):
user = User.objects.get(pk=user_id)
user.profile.extra_Field_1 = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit...'
user.save()
自2008年以来已经过去了一段时间，是时候给出一些新的答案了。从Django 1.5开始，你将能够创建自定义User类。实际上，在我写这个的时候，它已经合并到master中了，所以你可以试试。
在文档中有一些关于它的信息，如果你想深入了解，在这个提交中。
您所要做的就是将AUTH_USER_MODEL添加到具有自定义用户类路径的设置中，它扩展了AbstractBaseUser(更可定制的版本)或AbstractUser(或多或少可以扩展的旧用户类)。
对于那些懒得点击的人，这里有一个代码示例(摘自docs):
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, date_of_birth, password=None):
"""
Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of
birth and password.
"""
if not email:
raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
user = self.model(
email=MyUserManager.normalize_email(email),
date_of_birth=date_of_birth,
)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, username, date_of_birth, password):
"""
Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of
birth and password.
"""
u = self.create_user(username,
password=password,
date_of_birth=date_of_birth
)
u.is_admin = True
u.save(using=self._db)
return u
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):
email = models.EmailField(
verbose_name='email address',
max_length=255,
unique=True,
)
date_of_birth = models.DateField()
is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
objects = MyUserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth']
def get_full_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
# The user is identified by their email address
return self.email
def __unicode__(self):
return self.email
def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
"Does the user have a specific permission?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
"Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
# Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
return True
@property
def is_staff(self):
"Is the user a member of staff?"
# Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
return self.is_admin
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