我试图理解具体化关键字的目的。显然，它允许我们对泛型进行反思。

然而，当我把它去掉的时候，它仍然可以正常工作。这在什么时候会产生实际的影响?

我使用Auth0在我的web应用程序中处理身份验证。NET Core v1.0.0和Angular 2 rc5，我不太了解身份验证/安全。

在ASP的Auth0文档中。NET Core Web Api, JWT算法有RS256和HS256两种选择。这可能是一个愚蠢的问题，但是:

RS256和HS256有什么区别?有哪些用例(如果适用的话)?

我做了一个集合，我想为它提供一个stl风格的随机访问迭代器。我正在寻找迭代器的示例实现，但我没有找到任何。我知道需要对[]和*操作符进行const重载。“stl风格”的迭代器的要求是什么?还有哪些需要避免的陷阱(如果有的话)?

附加上下文:这是一个库，除非真的需要，否则我不想对它引入任何依赖。我编写了自己的集合，以便能够使用相同的编译器在c++ 03和c++ 11之间提供二进制兼容性(因此没有可能会损坏的STL)。

如何通过命令行或批处理脚本与ffmpeg转换整个目录/文件夹?

我经常听到有人说c++是一种上下文敏感的语言。举个例子:

a b(c);

这是变量定义还是函数声明?这取决于符号c的含义。如果c是一个变量，则ab (c);定义一个名为b的类型为a的变量。它直接用c初始化。但如果c是类型，则ab (c);声明一个名为b的函数，该函数接受c并返回a。

如果您查找上下文无关语言的定义，它基本上会告诉您，所有语法规则的左侧必须恰好包含一个非终结符。另一方面，上下文敏感语法允许在左侧使用任意的终结符和非终结符字符串。

浏览“c++程序设计语言”的附录A，我找不到一条语法规则，它的左边除了一个非终结符之外，还有其他任何东西。这意味着c++是上下文无关的。(当然，每一种与上下文无关的语言也是与上下文相关的，因为与上下文无关的语言构成了与上下文相关的语言的一个子集，但这不是重点。)

那么，c++是上下文无关的还是上下文敏感的?

我在一个应用程序上工作了几年，收到了一个简单的设计请求:在UIView上圆角并添加投影。做以下所给的事

我想要一个自定义的UIView…:我只是想要一个空白的白色视图与圆角和光滴阴影(没有照明效果)。我可以逐个执行这些操作，但通常会发生clipToBounds/maskToBounds冲突。

有没有办法为一个UIView的左上角和右上角设置角半径?

我尝试了下面的方法，但最终它再也看不到视图了。

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];

CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer];
UIBezierPath *shadowPath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:frame byRoundingCorners:(UIRectCornerTopLeft|UIRectCornerTopRight) cornerRadii:CGSizeMake(3.0, 3.0)];
layer.shadowPath = shadowPath.CGPath;
view.layer.mask = layer;

从上周开始，我就一直在想办法解决这个问题。好的，所以我需要在Swift中使用以下代码应用一些约束到UIView:

var new_view:UIView! = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100));
new_view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor();
view.addSubview(new_view);

var constX:NSLayoutConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: new_view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.CenterX, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.Equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.CenterX, multiplier: 1, constant: 0);
self.view.addConstraint(constX);

var constY:NSLayoutConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: new_view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.CenterY, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.Equal, toItem: self.view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.CenterY, multiplier: 1, constant: 0);
self.view.addConstraint(constY);

var constW:NSLayoutConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: new_view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.Width, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.Equal, toItem: new_view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.Width, multiplier: 1, constant: 0);
self.view.addConstraint(constW);

var constH:NSLayoutConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint(item: new_view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.Height, relatedBy: NSLayoutRelation.Equal, toItem: new_view, attribute: NSLayoutAttribute.Height, multiplier: 1, constant: 0);
self.view.addConstraint(constH);

但是Xcode返回了这个奇怪的输出:

2014-10-03 09:48:12.657 Test[35088:2454916] Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.  Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. Try this: (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. (Note: If you're seeing NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints that you don't understand, refer to the documentation for the UIView property translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints) 
(
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea446830 UIView:0x7fa4ea429290.centerX == UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0.centerX>",
"<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea4516c0 h=--& v=--& UIView:0x7fa4ea429290.midX == + 50>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea452830 'UIView-Encapsulated-Layout-Width' H:[UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0(375)]>",
"<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea446db0 h=-&- v=-&- 'UIView-Encapsulated-Layout-Left' H:|-(0)-[UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0]   (Names: '|':UIWindow:0x7fa4ea444b20 )>"
)

Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint <NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea446830 UIView:0x7fa4ea429290.centerX == UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0.centerX>

Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger. The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in
<UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.

2014-10-03 09:48:12.658 Test[35088:2454916] Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.  Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. Try this: (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. (Note: If you're seeing NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints that you don't understand, refer to the documentation for the UIView property translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints)
(
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea44d160 UIView:0x7fa4ea429290.centerY == UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0.centerY>",
"<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea451b30 h=--& v=--& UIView:0x7fa4ea429290.midY == + 50>",
"<NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea44cf00 'UIView-Encapsulated-Layout-Height' V:[UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0(667)]>",
"<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea452700 h=-&- v=-&- 'UIView-Encapsulated-Layout-Top' V:|-(0)-[UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0]  (Names: '|':UIWindow:0x7fa4ea444b20 )>"
)

Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint <NSLayoutConstraint:0x7fa4ea44d160 UIView:0x7fa4ea429290.centerY == UIView:0x7fa4ea4470f0.centerY>

Make a symbolic breakpoint at UIViewAlertForUnsatisfiableConstraints to catch this in the debugger. The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in <UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.

你能帮我吗? 非常感谢

我的登录视图有一个子视图，它有一个UIActivityView和一个UILabel，上面写着“Signing In…”这个子视图有不圆角的角。我怎样才能把它们变圆呢?

有什么办法在我的xib里面做吗?

UIView和它的子类都有frame和bounds属性。有什么不同?