我试图使用Java 8流在LinkedList中查找元素。但是,我想保证与筛选条件有且只有一个匹配。

以这段代码为例:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    LinkedList<User> users = new LinkedList<>();
    users.add(new User(1, "User1"));
    users.add(new User(2, "User2"));
    users.add(new User(3, "User3"));

    User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).findAny().get();
    System.out.println(match.toString());
}

static class User {

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return id + " - " + username;
    }

    int id;
    String username;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String username) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
}

这段代码根据用户的ID查找用户。但是不能保证有多少用户匹配过滤器。

更改过滤器行为:

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).findAny().get();

将抛出一个NoSuchElementException(很好!)

但是,如果有多个匹配,我希望它抛出一个错误。有办法做到这一点吗?


当前回答

你试过这个吗

long c = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).count();
if(c > 1){
    throw new IllegalStateException();
}

long count()
Returns the count of elements in this stream. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:

     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();

This is a terminal operation.

来源:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html

其他回答

使用减少

这是我发现的更简单灵活的方法(基于@prunge的答案)

Optional<User> user = users.stream()
        .filter(user -> user.getId() == 1)
        .reduce((a, b) -> {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Multiple elements: " + a + ", " + b);
        })

这样你就可以得到:

Optional -和你的对象一样,如果不存在则使用Optional.empty() 如果有多个元素,则使用Exception(最终使用YOUR自定义类型/消息)

另一种选择是使用reduction: (本例使用字符串,但可以轻松应用于包括User在内的任何对象类型)

List<String> list = ImmutableList.of("one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "two");
String match = list.stream().filter("two"::equals).reduce(thereCanBeOnlyOne()).get();
//throws NoSuchElementException if there are no matching elements - "zero"
//throws RuntimeException if duplicates are found - "two"
//otherwise returns the match - "one"
...

//Reduction operator that throws RuntimeException if there are duplicates
private static <T> BinaryOperator<T> thereCanBeOnlyOne()
{
    return (a, b) -> {throw new RuntimeException("Duplicate elements found: " + a + " and " + b);};
}

所以对于User的情况,你会有:

User match = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() < 0).reduce(thereCanBeOnlyOne()).get();

受到@skiwi的启发,我用下面的方法解决了这个问题:

public static <T> T toSingleton(Stream<T> stream) {
    List<T> list = stream.limit(1).collect(Collectors.toList());
    if (list.isEmpty()) {
        return null;
    } else {
        return list.get(0);
    }
}

然后:

User user = toSingleton(users.stream().filter(...).map(...));

为了完整起见,下面是@prunge的精彩回答对应的“一行”:

User user1 = users.stream()
        .filter(user -> user.getId() == 1)
        .reduce((a, b) -> {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Multiple elements: " + a + ", " + b);
        })
        .get();

这将从流中获得唯一匹配的元素,即抛出

NoSuchElementException,如果流是空的,或者 IllegalStateException,如果流包含多个匹配元素。

这种方法的一种变体可以避免过早抛出异常,而是将结果表示为一个包含唯一元素的Optional,如果有零个或多个元素,则什么都不包含(空):

Optional<User> user1 = users.stream()
        .filter(user -> user.getId() == 1)
        .collect(Collectors.reducing((a, b) -> null));

你试过这个吗

long c = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).count();
if(c > 1){
    throw new IllegalStateException();
}

long count()
Returns the count of elements in this stream. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:

     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();

This is a terminal operation.

来源:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html