In Python, "privacy" depends on "consenting adults'" levels of agreement - you can't force it (any more than you can in real life;-). A single leading underscore means you're not supposed to access it "from the outside" -- two leading underscores (w/o trailing underscores) carry the message even more forcefully... but, in the end, it still depends on social convention and consensus: Python's introspection is forceful enough that you can't handcuff every other programmer in the world to respect your wishes.

((顺便说一下，虽然这是一个严格保密的秘密，但对于c++来说也是如此:在大多数编译器中，在#包括你的.h文件之前，一个简单的#define private public line就可以让狡猾的编码器对你的“隐私”进行散列…!-))

In Python, "privacy" depends on "consenting adults'" levels of agreement - you can't force it (any more than you can in real life;-). A single leading underscore means you're not supposed to access it "from the outside" -- two leading underscores (w/o trailing underscores) carry the message even more forcefully... but, in the end, it still depends on social convention and consensus: Python's introspection is forceful enough that you can't handcuff every other programmer in the world to respect your wishes.

((顺便说一下，虽然这是一个严格保密的秘密，但对于c++来说也是如此:在大多数编译器中，在#包括你的.h文件之前，一个简单的#define private public line就可以让狡猾的编码器对你的“隐私”进行散列…!-))

Python允许带有双下划线前缀的私有类成员。这种技术在模块级别上不起作用，所以我认为这是Dive Into Python中的一个错误。

下面是一个私有类函数的例子:

class foo():
    def bar(self): pass
    def __bar(self): pass

f = foo()
f.bar()   # this call succeeds
f.__bar() # this call fails

嵌入闭包或函数是一种方法。这在JS中很常见，但对于非浏览器平台或浏览器worker来说不是必需的。

在Python中，这似乎有点奇怪，但如果确实需要隐藏一些东西，那可能是一种方法。更重要的是，使用python API并将需要隐藏在C(或其他语言)中的内容可能是最好的方法。如果做不到这一点，我会把代码放在一个函数中，调用它，让它返回你想要导出的项。

Python有三种模式via。当导入一个模块时，只有public模式是可访问的。因此private和protected模块不能从模块外部调用，即当它被导入时。

你可以添加一个内部函数:

def public(self, args):
   def private(self.root, data):
       if (self.root != None):
          pass #do something with data

如果你真的需要那种程度的隐私的话。