以下内容是否会使对象满足枚举在JavaScript中的所有特性?类似于:

my.namespace.ColorEnum = {
  RED : 0,
  GREEN : 1,
  BLUE : 2
}

// later on

if(currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
  // whatever
}

还是有其他方法可以做到这一点?


当前回答

你的答案太复杂了

var buildSet = function(array) {
  var set = {};
  for (var i in array) {
    var item = array[i];
    set[item] = item;
  }
  return set;
}

var myEnum = buildSet(['RED','GREEN','BLUE']);
// myEnum.RED == 'RED' ...etc

其他回答

我也在寻找这个问题的答案,并找到了这一页的答案,我认为答案与这里的大多数答案不同:https://www.sohamkamani.com/javascript/enums/

我将把文章的答案部分复制到这里,以防将来链接无效或其他情况:

带符号的枚举:符号让我们定义保证不会冲突的值彼此之间。例如:

const Summer1 = Symbol("summer")
const Summer2 = Symbol("summer")

// Even though they have the same apparent value
// Summer1 and Summer2 don't equate
console.log(Summer1 === Summer2)
// false

console.log(Summer1)

我们可以使用符号定义枚举,以确保它们不是复制:

const Summer = Symbol("summer")
const Autumn = Symbol("autumn")
const Winter = Symbol("winter")
const Spring = Symbol("spring")

let season = Spring

switch (season) {
    case Summer:
    console.log('the season is summer')
    break;
    case Winter:
    console.log('the season is winter')
    break;
    case Spring:
    console.log('the season is spring')
    break;
    case Autumn:
    console.log('the season is autumn')
    break;
    default:
    console.log('season not defined')
}

使用Symbol可以确保我们分配枚举值的唯一方法是使用我们最初定义的常量。

具有类的枚举:

为了使代码更加语义正确,我们可以创建一个类保存一组枚举。例如,我们的季节应该有一种方法来识别它们都属于类似的分类。让我们看看如何使用类和对象创建不同的枚举组:

// Season enums can be grouped as static members of a class
class Season {
  // Create new instances of the same class as static attributes
  static Summer = new Season("summer")
  static Autumn = new Season("autumn")
  static Winter = new Season("winter")
  static Spring = new Season("spring")

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name
  }
}

// Now we can access enums using namespaced assignments
// this makes it semantically clear that "Summer" is a "Season"
let season = Season.Summer

// We can verify whether a particular variable is a Season enum
console.log(season instanceof Season)
// true
console.log(Symbol('something') instanceof Season)
//false

// We can explicitly check the type based on each enums class
console.log(season.constructor.name)
// 'Season'

个人注意:我本应该使用此构造函数:(注意:将this.name设置为字符串而不是对象,会丢失以下一些验证。可以选择删除:.description。我还想找到一种方法,不必键入Seasons.summer.name,而只需:Seasons.summer即可使其返回字符串)

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = Symbol(name).description
  }

列出所有可能的枚举值:

如果我们使用上述基于类的方法Season类的键,以获取同一类下的所有枚举值组:

Object.keys(Season).forEach(season => console.log("season:", season))
// season: Summer
// season: Autumn
// season: Winter
// season: Spring

何时在Javascript中使用枚举?

通常,如果有一定数量的固定任何一个变量的值_例如,Node.js的加密标准库有一个受支持的算法列表,可以将其视为枚举组。正确使用Javascript中的enums将产生更好的代码更稳定、更容易阅读和更少出错。

我编写了enumeranjs一个非常小的库来解决这个问题,它确保了类型安全,允许枚举常量从原型继承,保证枚举常量和枚举类型是不可变的+许多小特性。它允许重构大量代码,并在枚举定义中移动一些逻辑。下面是一个示例:

var CloseEventCodes = new Enumeration("closeEventCodes", {
  CLOSE_NORMAL:          { _id: 1000, info: "Connection closed normally" },
  CLOSE_GOING_AWAY:      { _id: 1001, info: "Connection closed going away" },
  CLOSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR:  { _id: 1002, info: "Connection closed due to protocol error"  },
  CLOSE_UNSUPPORTED:     { _id: 1003, info: "Connection closed due to unsupported operation" },
  CLOSE_NO_STATUS:       { _id: 1005, info: "Connection closed with no status" },
  CLOSE_ABNORMAL:        { _id: 1006, info: "Connection closed abnormally" },
  CLOSE_TOO_LARGE:       { _id: 1009, info: "Connection closed due to too large packet" }
},{ talk: function(){
    console.log(this.info); 
  }
});


CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE.talk(); //prints "Connection closed due to too large packet"
CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE instanceof CloseEventCodes //evaluates to true

枚举基本上是一个工厂。

此处提供完整记录的指南。希望这有帮助。

class Enum {
  constructor (...vals) {
    vals.forEach( val => {
      const CONSTANT = Symbol(val);
      Object.defineProperty(this, val.toUpperCase(), {
        get () {
          return CONSTANT;
        },
        set (val) {
          const enum_val = "CONSTANT";
          // generate TypeError associated with attempting to change the value of a constant
          enum_val = val;
        }
      });
    });
  }
}

用法示例:

const COLORS = new Enum("red", "blue", "green");

这里有两种实现TypeScript枚举的不同方法。

最简单的方法是迭代一个对象,向该对象添加反向键值对。唯一的缺点是必须手动设置每个成员的值。

function _enum(list) {       
  for (var key in list) {
    list[list[key] = list[key]] = key;
  }
  return Object.freeze(list);
}

var Color = _enum({
  Red: 0,
  Green: 5,
  Blue: 2
});

// Color → {0: "Red", 2: "Blue", 5: "Green", "Red": 0, "Green": 5, "Blue": 2}
// Color.Red → 0
// Color.Green → 5
// Color.Blue → 2
// Color[5] → Green
// Color.Blue > Color.Green → false

这里有一个lodash mixin,用于使用字符串创建枚举。虽然这个版本有点复杂,但它会自动为您进行编号。本例中使用的所有lodash方法都有一个常规的JavaScript等价物,因此如果需要,可以很容易地将它们切换掉。

function enum() {
    var key, val = -1, list = {};
    _.reduce(_.toArray(arguments), function(result, kvp) {    
        kvp = kvp.split("=");
        key = _.trim(kvp[0]);
        val = _.parseInt(kvp[1]) || ++val;            
        result[result[val] = key] = val;
        return result;
    }, list);
    return Object.freeze(list);
}    

// Add enum to lodash 
_.mixin({ "enum": enum });

var Color = _.enum(
    "Red",
    "Green",
    "Blue = 5",
    "Yellow",
    "Purple = 20",
    "Gray"
);

// Color.Red → 0
// Color.Green → 1
// Color.Blue → 5
// Color.Yellow → 6
// Color.Purple → 20
// Color.Gray → 21
// Color[5] → Blue

外星人的解决方案是让事情尽可能简单:

使用enum关键字(在javascript中保留)如果enum关键字只是保留的,但未在javascript中实现,请定义以下内容constenumerate=spec=>spec.split(/\s*,\s*/).reduce((e,n)=>对象.assign(e,{[n]:n}),{})

现在,您可以轻松使用它

const kwords = enumerate("begin,end, procedure,if")
console.log(kwords, kwords.if, kwords.if == "if", kwords.undef)

我认为没有理由使枚举值显式变量。无论如何,脚本都是纯文本的,如果代码的一部分是字符串或有效代码,则没有任何区别。真正重要的是,无论何时使用或定义引号,都不需要处理成吨的引号。