如果在PowerShell会话期间，您需要查看或临时修改PATH环境变量，您可以键入以下命令之一:

$env:Path                             # shows the actual content
$env:Path = 'C:\foo;' + $env:Path     # attach to the beginning
$env:Path += ';C:\foo'                # attach to the end

这些脚本是幂等的(可以运行多次)。 它们更新Windows路径和当前/未来的Powershell会话:

永久添加路径

    $targetDir="c:\bin"
    $oldPath = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine")
    $oldPathArray=($oldPath) -split ';'
    if(-Not($oldPathArray -Contains "$targetDir")) {
        write-host "Adding $targetDir to Machine Path"
        $newPath = "$oldPath;$targetDir" -replace ';+', ';'
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$newPath,"Machine")
        $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User"),[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") -join ";"
    }
    write-host "Windows paths:"
    ($env:Path).Replace(';',"`n")

永久删除路径

    $targetDir="c:\bin"
    $oldPath = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine")
    $oldPathArray=($oldPath) -split ';'
    if($oldPathArray -Contains "$targetDir") {
        write-host "Removing $targetDir from Machine path"
        $newPathArray = $oldPathArray | Where-Object { $_ –ne "$targetDir" }
        $newPath = $newPathArray -join ";"
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$newPath,"Machine")
        $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User"),[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") -join ";"
    }
    write-host "Windows paths:"
    ($env:Path).Replace(';',"`n")

基于@Michael Kropat的回答，我添加了一个参数，将新路径前置到现有的path变量中，并检查以避免添加不存在的路径:

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session',

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [Switch] $Prepend
    )

    if (Test-Path -path "$Path") {
        if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
            $containerMapping = @{
                Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
                User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
            }
            $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

            $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
            if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
                if ($Prepend) {
                    $persistedPaths = ,$Path + $persistedPaths | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
                else {
                    $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
            }
        }

        $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
        if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            if ($Prepend) {
                $envPaths = ,$Path + $envPaths | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
            else {
                $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
        }
    }
}

虽然目前接受的答案在某种意义上是路径变量从PowerShell的上下文中被永久更新，但它实际上并不更新存储在Windows注册表中的环境变量。

要实现这一点，你显然也可以使用PowerShell:

$oldPath=(Get-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH).Path

$newPath=$oldPath+’;C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList\’

Set-ItemProperty -Path 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' -Name PATH –Value $newPath

更多信息请参见博文《使用PowerShell修改环境路径》

如果您使用PowerShell社区扩展，为环境变量path添加路径的正确命令是:

Add-PathVariable "C:\NewFolderToAddToTheList" -Target Machine

如果你需要动态地为会话设置变量名，那么使用:

New-Item env:\$key -Value $value -Force | Out-Null

这设置了当前会话的路径，并提示用户永久添加它:

function Set-Path {
    param([string]$x)
    $Env:Path+= ";" +  $x
    Write-Output $Env:Path
    $write = Read-Host 'Set PATH permanently ? (yes|no)'
    if ($write -eq "yes")
    {
        [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        Write-Output 'PATH updated'
    }
}

您可以将此函数添加到您的默认配置文件(Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1)，通常位于%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell。