我想计算一些内容的MD5校验和。如何在PowerShell中做到这一点?


当前回答

右击菜单选项示例:

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\SHA1 PS check\command]
@="C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe -NoExit -Command Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA1 '%1'"

其他回答

如果从Microsoft下载文件校验和完整性验证器(FCIV),这将变成一行程序。

我从这里下载了FCIV: 文件校验和完整性验证工具的可用性和说明

执行如下命令。我有十份文件要检查。

Get-ChildItem WTAM*.tar | % {.\fciv $_.Name}

下面是我用来获取给定字符串的MD5的代码片段:

$text = "text goes here..."
$md5  = [Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider]::new()
$utf8 = [Text.UTF8Encoding]::UTF8
$bytes= $md5.ComputeHash($utf8.GetBytes($text))
$hash = [string]::Concat($bytes.foreach{$_.ToString("x2")}) 

团队! 看看我的哈希计算函数。

Function Get-StringHash {
<#
    .DESCRIPTION
        Get string persistant hash.        
#>
    [OutputType([string])]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter( Mandatory = $True, Position = 0, HelpMessage = "String to calculate hash." )]
        [string] $String,
        [Parameter( Mandatory = $false, Position = 0, HelpMessage = "String encoding." )]
        [ValidateSet( 'UTF8' )]
        [string] $StringEncoding = 'UTF8',
        [Parameter( Mandatory = $false, Position = 2, HelpMessage = "Hash algoritm." )]
        [ValidateSet( 'md5', 'sha256', 'sha512' )]
        [string] $Algoritm = 'sha256'
    )
    try {
        #region functions
        #endregion

        $Result = $null

        switch ( $Algoritm ) {
            'md5' {  
                $HashProvider = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
            }
            'sha256' {  
                $HashProvider = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
            }
            'sha512' {  
                $HashProvider = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.SHA512CryptoServiceProvider
            }
            Default {}
        }

        switch ( $StringEncoding ) {
            'UTF8' {  
                $Encoding = New-Object -TypeName System.Text.UTF8Encoding
            }
            Default {}
        }
        
        
        $Result = [System.BitConverter]::ToString( $HashProvider.ComputeHash( $Encoding.GetBytes( $String ) )).replace('-','')

    }
    catch {
        Get-ErrorReporting -Trap $_
    }

    return $Result
}

$String   = 'Some text'
$Algoritm = 'MD5'

$Hash = Get-StringHash -String $String -Algoritm $Algoritm

write-host "$String has $Algoritm hash $hash"

这个网站有一个例子:使用Powershell进行MD5校验和。它使用. net框架实例化MD5哈希算法的实例来计算哈希值。

下面是本文的代码,包含Stephen的注释:

param
(
  $file
)

$algo = [System.Security.Cryptography.HashAlgorithm]::Create("MD5")
$stream = New-Object System.IO.FileStream($Path, [System.IO.FileMode]::Open,
    [System.IO.FileAccess]::Read)

$md5StringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder
$algo.ComputeHash($stream) | % { [void] $md5StringBuilder.Append($_.ToString("x2")) }
$md5StringBuilder.ToString()

$stream.Dispose()

另一个早在2003年就默认安装在Windows中的内置命令是Certutil,当然也可以从PowerShell调用它。

CertUtil -hashfile file.foo MD5

(注意:MD5应该全部大写以获得最大的健壮性)