我喜欢军队的比喻。

中士不在乎你是软件开发人员、音乐家还是律师。 你被当作士兵对待。

对于中士来说，不去操心与他一起工作的人的具体细节更容易， 把每个人都当作抽象的士兵(…如果他们表现得不像孩子，就要惩罚他们)。

人们像士兵一样行动的能力被称为多态性。

接口是帮助实现多态的软件结构。

为了实现简单，需要抽象细节，这就是你问题的答案。

Polymorphism, which etymologically means "many forms," is the ability to treat an object of any subclass of a base class as if it were an object of the base class. A base class has, therefore, many forms: the base class itself, and any of its subclasses. (..) This makes your code easier for you to write and easier for others to understand. It also makes your code extensible, because other subclasses could be added later to the family of types, and objects of those new subclasses would also work with the existing code.

最简单的例子就是支付处理器。(Paypal, PDS等)。

假设您创建了一个具有ProcessACH和ProcessCreditCard方法的接口IPaymentProcessor。

现在可以实现一个具体的Paypal实现。让这些方法调用PayPal特定的函数。

如果你决定以后需要换到另一个提供商，你可以这样做。只需为新提供程序创建另一个具体实现。由于您所绑定的只是您的接口(契约)，因此您可以在不更改使用它的代码的情况下切换应用程序使用的接口。

In my experience the driving force to create interfaces didn't occur until I start doing unit testing with a mocking framework. It became abundantly clear that using interfaces was going to make mocking much easier (since the framework depended on the methods being virtual). Once I started I saw the value of abstracting away the interface to my class from the implementation. Even if I don't create an actual interface, I try now to make my methods virtual (providing an implicit interface that can be overridden).

我发现还有许多其他原因可以加强重构到接口的良好实践，但是单元测试/模拟的事情提供了最初的“顿悟时刻”的实践经验。

EDIT: To clarify, with unit testing and mocking I always have two implementations -- the real, concrete implementation and an alternate mock implementation used in testing. Once you have two implementations, the value of the interface becomes obvious -- deal with it in terms of the interface so you can replace the implementation at any time. In this case I'm replacing it with a mock interface. I know that I can do this without an actual interface if my class is constructed properly, but using an actual interface reinforces this and makes it cleaner (clearer to the reader). Without this impetus, I don't think I would have appreciated the value of interfaces since most of my classes only, ever have a single concrete implementation.

我喜欢军队的比喻。

中士不在乎你是软件开发人员、音乐家还是律师。 你被当作士兵对待。

对于中士来说，不去操心与他一起工作的人的具体细节更容易， 把每个人都当作抽象的士兵(…如果他们表现得不像孩子，就要惩罚他们)。

人们像士兵一样行动的能力被称为多态性。

接口是帮助实现多态的软件结构。

为了实现简单，需要抽象细节，这就是你问题的答案。

Polymorphism, which etymologically means "many forms," is the ability to treat an object of any subclass of a base class as if it were an object of the base class. A base class has, therefore, many forms: the base class itself, and any of its subclasses. (..) This makes your code easier for you to write and easier for others to understand. It also makes your code extensible, because other subclasses could be added later to the family of types, and objects of those new subclasses would also work with the existing code.

别太担心。很多开发人员很少需要编写接口。您将经常使用. net框架中可用的接口，但如果您觉得没有必要在短时间内编写一个接口，这也没什么好奇怪的。

我经常给别人的例子是，如果你有一个帆船职业和一个毒蛇职业。它们分别继承了Boat类和Car类。现在假设您需要遍历所有这些对象并调用它们的Drive()方法。你也可以编写如下代码:

if(myObject is Boat)
    ((Boat)myObject).Drive()
else
    if (myObject is Car)
        ((Car)myObject).Drive()

这样写会简单得多:

((IDrivable)myObject).Drive()

一个代码示例(结合了Andrew的代码和我的额外的关于“接口的目的是什么”的代码)，也说明了为什么在不支持多重继承的语言(c#和java)上接口而不是抽象类:

interface ILogger
{
    void Log();
}
class FileLogger : ILogger
{
    public void Log() { }
}
class DataBaseLogger : ILogger
{
    public void Log() { }
}
public class MySpecialLogger : SpecialLoggerBase, ILogger
{
    public void Log() { }
}

注意，FileLogger和DataBaseLogger不需要接口(可以是Logger的抽象基类)。但是考虑到您需要使用第三方记录器，它迫使您使用基类(假设它公开了您需要使用的受保护的方法)。由于语言不支持多重继承，您将无法使用抽象基类方法。

底线是:尽可能使用接口来获得代码的额外灵活性。您的实现不那么受约束，因此它能更好地适应变化。