还是现在反过来了?

据我所知,c#在某些领域被证明比c++更快,但我从来没有勇气亲自测试它。

我想你们任何人都可以详细解释这些差异,或者告诉我有关信息的正确位置。


当前回答

这实际上取决于你想在代码中实现什么。我听说这只是一个都市传说,VB和VB之间有性能上的差异。NET, c#和托管c++。然而,我发现,至少在字符串比较中,托管c++胜过c#,而c#又胜过VB.NET。

我并没有对这两种语言的算法复杂度做过详尽的比较。我也只是使用每种语言的默认设置。在VB。NET我使用设置要求声明变量,等等。下面是我用于托管c++的代码:(正如你所看到的,这段代码非常简单)。我用。net 4.6.2在Visual Studio 2013的其他语言中运行相同的程序。

#include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Diagnostics;

bool EqualMe(String^ first, String^ second)
{
    return first->Equals(second);
}
int main(array<String ^> ^args)
{
    Stopwatch^ sw = gcnew Stopwatch();
    sw->Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
    {
        EqualMe(L"one", L"two");
    }
    sw->Stop();
    Console::WriteLine(sw->ElapsedTicks);
    return 0;
}

其他回答

我发现2020年4月读过:https://www.quora.com/Why-is-C-so-slow-compared-to-Python,作者是一位拥有15年以上软件开发经验的现实世界的程序员。

它指出,c#通常较慢,因为它被编译为公共中间语言(CIL),而不是像c++那样的机器代码。然后,CIL通过公共语言运行库(CLR)输出机器代码。但是,如果您继续执行c#,它将获取机器代码的输出并缓存它,以便为下次执行保存机器代码。总而言之,如果多次执行,c#会更快,因为它是多次执行后的机器代码。

也有评论说,一个优秀的c++程序员可以做一些耗时的优化,但最终会被优化。

据我所知…

你的困难似乎在于决定你所听到的是否可信,当你试图评估这个网站上的回复时,这个困难将会重复。

你将如何判断人们在这里所说的比你最初听到的更可信还是更不可信?

一种方法是要求提供证据。

当有人声称“在某些领域c#被证明比c++快”时,问他们为什么这么说,让他们给你看测量结果,让他们给你看程序。有时他们只是犯了一个错误。有时你会发现他们只是在表达一种观点,而不是分享一些他们可以证明是正确的事情。

通常情况下,信息和观点会混淆在人们的说法中,你必须试着分清哪个是哪个。例如,从这个论坛的回复中:

"Take the benchmarks at http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/ with a great deal of scepticism, as these largely test arithmetic code, which is most likely not similar to your code at all." Ask yourself if you really understand what "these largely test arithmetic code" means, and then ask yourself if the author has actually shown you that his claim is true. "That's a rather useless test, since it really depends on how well the individual programs have been optimized; I've managed to speed up some of them by 4-6 times or more, making it clear that the comparison between unoptimized programs is rather silly." Ask yourself whether the author has actually shown you that he's managed to "speed up some of them by 4-6 times or more" - it's an easy claim to make!

通常,这取决于应用程序。在某些情况下,c#可能慢得可以忽略不计,而在其他情况下,c++要快5到10倍,特别是在操作可以轻松SIMD的情况下。

没有严格的理由说明为什么基于字节码的语言(如c#或Java)不能像c++代码一样快。然而,c++代码在很长一段时间内都要快得多,今天在许多情况下仍然如此。这主要是因为更高级的JIT优化实现起来比较复杂,而真正酷的JIT优化现在才出现。

所以在很多情况下,c++更快。但这只是答案的一部分。c++实际上更快的情况是高度优化的程序,其中专业程序员彻底优化了代码。这不仅非常耗时(因此非常昂贵),而且由于过度优化通常会导致错误。

On the other hand, code in interpreted languages gets faster in later versions of the runtime (.NET CLR or Java VM), without you doing anything. And there are a lot of useful optimizations JIT compilers can do that are simply impossible in languages with pointers. Also, some argue that garbage collection should generally be as fast or faster as manual memory management, and in many cases it is. You can generally implement and achieve all of this in C++ or C, but it's going to be much more complicated and error prone.

As Donald Knuth said, "premature optimization is the root of all evil". If you really know for sure that your application will mostly consist of very performance critical arithmetic, and that it will be the bottleneck, and it's certainly going to be faster in C++, and you're sure that C++ won't conflict with your other requirements, go for C++. In any other case, concentrate on first implementing your application correctly in whatever language suits you best, then find performance bottlenecks if it runs too slow, and then think about how to optimize the code. In the worst case, you might need to call out to C code through a foreign function interface, so you'll still have the ability to write critical parts in lower level language.

请记住,优化一个正确的程序相对容易,但更正一个优化的程序要难得多。

给出实际的速度优势百分比是不可能的,这在很大程度上取决于你的代码。在许多情况下,编程语言实现甚至不是瓶颈。请带着极大的怀疑态度使用http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/上的基准测试,因为这些测试的主要是算术代码,很可能与您的代码完全不同。

对于图形来说,标准的c#图形类比通过C/ c++访问的GDI慢得多。 我知道这与语言本身无关,更多的是与整个。net平台有关,但是图形是作为GDI替代品提供给开发人员的,它的性能非常糟糕,我甚至不敢用它来处理图形。

我们有一个简单的基准来查看图形库的速度,那就是在窗口中随机绘制线条。c++ /GDI在处理10000行代码时仍然很灵活,而c# /Graphics在处理1000行代码时却很难做到。