如果对于客户端代码来说，知道已找到和未找到之间的区别很重要，并且这应该是一个例程行为，那么最好返回null。然后客户端代码可以决定要做什么。

这取决于你的语言和代码是否支持: 三思而后行 或 EAFP(请求原谅比请求允许容易)

LBYL说你应该检查值(所以返回null) EAFP表示只需尝试操作并查看它是否失败(抛出异常)

虽然我同意以上的观点。异常应该用于异常/错误条件，在使用检查时最好返回null。

Python中的EAFP vs. LBYL: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-May/205182.html (Web存档)

只提到null不被认为是异常行为的情况，我肯定是try方法，很明显，没有必要“阅读书籍”或“三思而后行”，就像这里所说的那样

所以:

bool TryFindObject(RequestParam request, out ResponseParam response)

这意味着用户的代码也将是清晰的

...
if(TryFindObject(request, out response)
{
  handleSuccess(response)
}
else
{
  handleFailure()
}
...

返回null，异常就是:你的代码所做的不是预期的事情。

抛出异常的好处:

Cleaner control flow in your calling code. Checking for null injects a conditional branch which is natively handled by try/catch. Checking for null doesn't indicate what it is you're checking for - are you checking for null because you're looking for an error you're expecting, or are you checking for null so you don't pass it further on downchain? Removes ambiguity of what "null" means. Is null representative of an error or is null what is actually stored in the value? Hard to say when you only have one thing to base that determination off of. Improved consistency between method behavior in an application. Exceptions are typically exposed in method signatures, so you're more able to understand what edge cases the methods in an application account for, and what information your application can react to in a predictable manner.

有关更多示例的解释，请参见:http://metatations.com/2011/11/17/returning-null-vs-throwing-an-exception/

它不包含对象可能发生在正常操作期间，应该由调用者返回NULL来处理。

如果不包含对象表明调用代码或内部状态存在错误，则执行断言。

如果不包含该对象，则表示不经常发生事件。(就像有人从商店中删除了一件商品，而你同时还在结账。)然后抛出异常。