如何在JavaScript中创建GUID(全球独特识别器)?GUID/UUID应该至少有32个字符,并且应该保持在ASCII范围内,以避免在通过它们时遇到麻烦。

我不确定在所有浏览器上有哪些习惯,如何“随机”和种植内置的随机号码发电机等。


当前回答

最酷的方式:

function uuid(){
    var u = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([""]))
    URL.revokeObjectURL(u);
    return u.split("/").slice(-1)[0]
}

它可能不是快速,高效,或支持在 IE2 但它肯定是酷的

其他回答

我已经建立在这里提到的所有东西,以产生两倍的速度,可携带的所有环境,包括节点,并从Math.random()升级到加密强度的随机性。

function random() {
    const
        fourBytesOn = 0xffffffff, // 4 bytes, all 32 bits on: 4294967295
        c = typeof crypto === "object"
            ? crypto // Node.js or most browsers
            : typeof msCrypto === "object" // Stinky non-standard Internet Explorer
                ? msCrypto // eslint-disable-line no-undef
                : null; // What old or bad environment are we running in?
        return c
            ? c.randomBytes
                ? parseInt(c.randomBytes(4).toString("hex"), 16) / (fourBytesOn + 1) - Number.EPSILON // Node.js
                : c.getRandomValues(new Uint32Array(1))[0] / (fourBytesOn + 1) - Number.EPSILON // Browsers
            : Math.random();
}

function uuidV4() { // eslint-disable-line complexity
    // If possible, generate a single random value, 128 bits (16 bytes)
    // in length. In an environment where that is not possible, generate
    // and make use of four 32-bit (4-byte) random values.
    // Use crypto-grade randomness when available, else Math.random()
    const
        c = typeof crypto === "object"
            ? crypto // Node.js or most browsers
            : typeof msCrypto === "object" // Stinky non-standard Internet Explorer
                ? msCrypto // eslint-disable-line no-undef
            : null; // What old or bad environment are we running in?
    let
        byteArray = c
            ? c.randomBytes
                ? c.randomBytes(16) // Node.js
                : c.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16)) // Browsers
            : null,
        uuid = [ ];

    /* eslint-disable no-bitwise */
    if ( ! byteArray) { // No support for generating 16 random bytes
                        // in one shot -- this will be slower
        const
            int = [
                random() * 0xffffffff | 0,
                random() * 0xffffffff | 0,
                random() * 0xffffffff | 0,
                random() * 0xffffffff | 0
            ];
        byteArray = [ ];
        for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
            byteArray[i] = int[i < 4 ? 0 : i < 8 ? 1 : i < 12 ? 2 : 3] >> i % 4 * 8 & 0xff;
        }
    }
    byteArray[6] = byteArray[6] & 0x0f | 0x40; // Always 4, per RFC, indicating the version
    byteArray[8] = byteArray[8] & 0x3f | 0x80; // Constrained to [89ab], per RFC for version 4
    for (let i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
        uuid[i] = (byteArray[i] < 16 ? "0" : "") + byteArray[i].toString(16);
    }
    uuid =
        uuid[ 0] + uuid[ 1] + uuid[ 2] + uuid[ 3] + "-" +
        uuid[ 4] + uuid[ 5]                       + "-" +
        uuid[ 6] + uuid[ 7]                       + "-" +
        uuid[ 8] + uuid[ 9]                       + "-" +
        uuid[10] + uuid[11] + uuid[12] + uuid[13] + uuid[14] + uuid[15];
    return uuid;
    /* eslint-enable no-bitwise */
}

下面的版本是布罗法的答案的调整,但更新,包括一个“真实”随机功能,使用加密图书馆在可用的地方,以及Alea()功能作为落后。

  Math.log2 = Math.log2 || function(n){ return Math.log(n) / Math.log(2); }
  Math.trueRandom = (function() {
  var crypt = window.crypto || window.msCrypto;

  if (crypt && crypt.getRandomValues) {
      // If we have a crypto library, use it
      var random = function(min, max) {
          var rval = 0;
          var range = max - min;
          if (range < 2) {
              return min;
          }

          var bits_needed = Math.ceil(Math.log2(range));
          if (bits_needed > 53) {
            throw new Exception("We cannot generate numbers larger than 53 bits.");
          }
          var bytes_needed = Math.ceil(bits_needed / 8);
          var mask = Math.pow(2, bits_needed) - 1;
          // 7776 -> (2^13 = 8192) -1 == 8191 or 0x00001111 11111111

          // Create byte array and fill with N random numbers
          var byteArray = new Uint8Array(bytes_needed);
          crypt.getRandomValues(byteArray);

          var p = (bytes_needed - 1) * 8;
          for(var i = 0; i < bytes_needed; i++ ) {
              rval += byteArray[i] * Math.pow(2, p);
              p -= 8;
          }

          // Use & to apply the mask and reduce the number of recursive lookups
          rval = rval & mask;

          if (rval >= range) {
              // Integer out of acceptable range
              return random(min, max);
          }
          // Return an integer that falls within the range
          return min + rval;
      }
      return function() {
          var r = random(0, 1000000000) / 1000000000;
          return r;
      };
  } else {
      // From https://web.archive.org/web/20120502223108/http://baagoe.com/en/RandomMusings/javascript/
      // Johannes Baagøe <baagoe@baagoe.com>, 2010
      function Mash() {
          var n = 0xefc8249d;

          var mash = function(data) {
              data = data.toString();
              for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
                  n += data.charCodeAt(i);
                  var h = 0.02519603282416938 * n;
                  n = h >>> 0;
                  h -= n;
                  h *= n;
                  n = h >>> 0;
                  h -= n;
                  n += h * 0x100000000; // 2^32
              }
              return (n >>> 0) * 2.3283064365386963e-10; // 2^-32
          };

          mash.version = 'Mash 0.9';
          return mash;
      }

      // From http://baagoe.com/en/RandomMusings/javascript/
      function Alea() {
          return (function(args) {
              // Johannes Baagøe <baagoe@baagoe.com>, 2010
              var s0 = 0;
              var s1 = 0;
              var s2 = 0;
              var c = 1;

              if (args.length == 0) {
                  args = [+new Date()];
              }
              var mash = Mash();
              s0 = mash(' ');
              s1 = mash(' ');
              s2 = mash(' ');

              for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                  s0 -= mash(args[i]);
                  if (s0 < 0) {
                      s0 += 1;
                  }
                  s1 -= mash(args[i]);
                  if (s1 < 0) {
                      s1 += 1;
                  }
                  s2 -= mash(args[i]);
                  if (s2 < 0) {
                      s2 += 1;
                  }
              }
              mash = null;

              var random = function() {
                  var t = 2091639 * s0 + c * 2.3283064365386963e-10; // 2^-32
                  s0 = s1;
                  s1 = s2;
                  return s2 = t - (c = t | 0);
              };
              random.uint32 = function() {
                  return random() * 0x100000000; // 2^32
              };
              random.fract53 = function() {
                  return random() +
                      (random() * 0x200000 | 0) * 1.1102230246251565e-16; // 2^-53
              };
              random.version = 'Alea 0.9';
              random.args = args;
              return random;

          }(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
      };
      return Alea();
  }
}());

Math.guid = function() {
    return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c)    {
      var r = Math.trueRandom() * 16 | 0,
          v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);
      return v.toString(16);
  });
};

一个简单的解决方案来创建一个独特的识别是使用一个时间标记,并添加一个随机号码。

下面的功能将产生类型的随机序列: uuid-14d93eb1b9b4533e6. 不需要产生32个字符的随机序列. 在这种情况下,16个字符的随机序列不足以提供JavaScript中的独特 UUID。

var createUUID = function() {
  return "uuid-" + ((new Date).getTime().toString(16) + Math.floor(1E7*Math.random()).toString(16));
}

简单的JavaScript作为这个问题的最佳答案的组合。

var crypto = window.crypto || window.msCrypto || null; // IE11 fix var Guid = Guid || (function() { var EMPTY = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'; var _padLeft = function(paddingString, width, replacementChar) { return paddingString.length >= width ? paddingString : _padLeft(replacementChar + paddingString, width, replacementChar || ' '); }; var _s4 = function(number) { var hexadecimalResult = number.toString(16); return _padLeft(hexadecimalResult, 4, '0'); }; var _cryptoGuid = function() { var buffer = new window.Uint16Array(8); crypto.getRandomValues(buffer); return [_s4(buffer[0]) + _s4(buffer[1]), _s4(buffer[2]), _s4(buffer[3]), _s4(buffer[4]), _s4(buffer[5]) + _s4(buffer[6]) + _s4(buffer[7])].join('-'); }; var _guid = function() { var currentDateMilliseconds = new Date().getTime(); return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(currentChar) { var randomChar = (currentDateMilliseconds + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0; currentDateMilliseconds = Math.floor(currentDateMilliseconds / 16); return (currentChar === 'x' ? randomChar : (randomChar & 0x7 | 0x8)).toString(16); }); }; var create = function() { var hasCrypto = crypto != 'undefined' && crypto !== null, hasRandomValues = typeof(window.crypto.getRandomValues) != 'undefined'; return (hasCrypto && hasRandomValues) ? _cryptoGuid() : _guid(); }; return { newGuid: create, empty: EMPTY }; })(); // DEMO: Create and show GUID console.log('1. New Guid: ' + Guid.newGuid()); // DEMO: Show empty GUID console.log('2. Empty Guid: ' + Guid.empty);

使用:

主持人( )

“c6c2d12f-d76b-5739-e551-07e6de5b0807”

公平 公平

“00000000-0000-0000-0000-00000000”

您可以使用 npm 包指南、GUID 发电机和验证器。

例子:

Guid.raw();
// -> '6fdf6ffc-ed77-94fa-407e-a7b86ed9e59d'

注意: 此包已被削弱. 使用 uuid 相反。

例子:

const uuidv4 = require('uuid/v4');
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '10ba038e-48da-487b-96e8-8d3b99b6d18a'