我更喜欢简单的称呼。所以我用了一些看起来有点复杂，但很容易使用的东西。我通常只是复制并粘贴下面的代码到我的脚本。代码后面有解释。

#This function is used to cleanly exit any script. It does this displaying a
# given error message, and exiting with an error code.
function error_exit {
    echo
    echo "$@"
    exit 1
}
#Trap the killer signals so that we can exit with a good message.
trap "error_exit 'Received signal SIGHUP'" SIGHUP
trap "error_exit 'Received signal SIGINT'" SIGINT
trap "error_exit 'Received signal SIGTERM'" SIGTERM

#Alias the function so that it will print a message with the following format:
#prog-name(@line#): message
#We have to explicitly allow aliases, we do this because they make calling the
#function much easier (see example).
shopt -s expand_aliases
alias die='error_exit "Error ${0}(@`echo $(( $LINENO - 1 ))`):"'

I usually put a call to the cleanup function in side the error_exit function, but this varies from script to script so I left it out. The traps catch the common terminating signals and make sure everything gets cleaned up. The alias is what does the real magic. I like to check everything for failure. So in general I call programs in an "if !" type statement. By subtracting 1 from the line number the alias will tell me where the failure occurred. It is also dead simple to call, and pretty much idiot proof. Below is an example (just replace /bin/false with whatever you are going to call).

#This is an example useage, it will print out
#Error prog-name (@1): Who knew false is false.
if ! /bin/false ; then
    die "Who knew false is false."
fi

这个功能最近对我很有用:

action () {
    # Test if the first parameter is non-zero
    # and return straight away if so
    if test $1 -ne 0
    then
        return $1
    fi

    # Discard the control parameter
    # and execute the rest
    shift 1
    "$@"
    local status=$?

    # Test the exit status of the command run
    # and display an error message on failure
    if test ${status} -ne 0
    then
        echo Command \""$@"\" failed >&2
    fi

    return ${status}
}

可以通过将0或最后一个返回值附加到要运行的命令的名称来调用它，这样就可以连接命令，而不必检查错误值。使用this，这个语句块:

command1 param1 param2 param3...
command2 param1 param2 param3...
command3 param1 param2 param3...
command4 param1 param2 param3...
command5 param1 param2 param3...
command6 param1 param2 param3...

变成这样:

action 0 command1 param1 param2 param3...
action $? command2 param1 param2 param3...
action $? command3 param1 param2 param3...
action $? command4 param1 param2 param3...
action $? command5 param1 param2 param3...
action $? command6 param1 param2 param3...

<<<Error-handling code here>>>

如果任何命令失败，错误代码将被简单地传递到块的末尾。我发现当您不希望在之前的命令失败后执行后续命令，但也不希望脚本立即退出(例如，在循环中)时，它很有用。

我使用

die() {
        echo $1
        kill $$
}

之前;我想因为某种原因，“退出”对我来说是失败的。不过，上面的默认设置似乎是个好主意。

这对我很有帮助。它以红色打印错误或警告消息，每个参数一行，并允许可选的退出代码。

# Custom errors
EX_UNKNOWN=1

warning()
{
    # Output warning messages
    # Color the output red if it's an interactive terminal
    # @param $1...: Messages

    test -t 1 && tput setf 4

    printf '%s\n' "$@" >&2

    test -t 1 && tput sgr0 # Reset terminal
    true
}

error()
{
    # Output error messages with optional exit code
    # @param $1...: Messages
    # @param $N: Exit code (optional)

    messages=( "$@" )

    # If the last parameter is a number, it's not part of the messages
    last_parameter="${messages[@]: -1}"
    if [[ "$last_parameter" =~ ^[0-9]*$ ]]
    then
        exit_code=$last_parameter
        unset messages[$((${#messages[@]} - 1))]
    fi

    warning "${messages[@]}"

    exit ${exit_code:-$EX_UNKNOWN}
}

这个技巧对于缺少命令或函数非常有用。丢失的函数(或可执行文件)的名称将在$_中传递

function handle_error {
    status=$?
    last_call=$1

    # 127 is 'command not found'
    (( status != 127 )) && return

    echo "you tried to call $last_call"
    return
}

# Trap errors.
trap 'handle_error "$_"' ERR

我使用以下陷阱代码，它还允许通过管道和“时间”命令跟踪错误

#!/bin/bash
set -o pipefail  # trace ERR through pipes
set -o errtrace  # trace ERR through 'time command' and other functions
function error() {
    JOB="$0"              # job name
    LASTLINE="$1"         # line of error occurrence
    LASTERR="$2"          # error code
    echo "ERROR in ${JOB} : line ${LASTLINE} with exit code ${LASTERR}"
    exit 1
}
trap 'error ${LINENO} ${?}' ERR