在MySQL中,如何获得所有外键约束指向特定表的列表?一个特定的专栏?这和Oracle的问题是一样的,但是是MySQL的问题。


当前回答

这个解决方案不仅会显示所有的关系,还会显示约束的名称,这在某些情况下是必需的(例如drop constraint):

select
    concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
    concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
    constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
    information_schema.key_column_usage
where
    referenced_table_name is not null;

如果你想检查特定数据库中的表,在查询的最后添加模式名:

select
    concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
    concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
    constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
    information_schema.key_column_usage
where
    referenced_table_name is not null
    and table_schema = 'database_name';

同样,对于特定的列名,添加

table_name = 'table_name

在查询的末尾。

受到这篇文章的启发

其他回答

我提出的解决方案是脆弱的;它依赖于django的外键命名约定。

USE information_schema;
tee mysql_output
SELECT * FROM TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'database_name';
notee

然后在壳层中,

grep 'refs_tablename_id' mysql_output

如果你使用InnoDB并定义了FK,你可以查询information_schema数据库,例如:

SELECT * FROM information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS 
WHERE information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' 
AND information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'myschema'
AND information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_NAME = 'mytable';

我需要鸟瞰表之间的关系(在ORM中使用)。使用该页面的建议,经过试验,我整理了以下查询:

SELECT
    KCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
    KCU.TABLE_NAME,
    KCU.COLUMN_NAME,
    KCU.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME,
    KCU.REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME
FROM
    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS KCU
    JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS COLS
        ON
                COLS.TABLE_SCHEMA = KCU.TABLE_SCHEMA
            AND COLS.TABLE_NAME   = KCU.TABLE_NAME
            AND COLS.COLUMN_NAME  = KCU.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE
        KCU.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = {YOUR_SCHEMA_NAME}
    AND KCU.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY
    KCU.TABLE_NAME,
    COLS.ORDINAL_POSITION

它只返回我需要的东西,而且是按照我想要的顺序。

我还对结果做了一些处理(将其转换为某种字典),以便它可以用于创建聚合。

了解更新和删除行为通常是有帮助的,这是其他答案没有提供的。现在开始。

SELECT cu.table_name,
       cu.column_name,
       cu.constraint_name,
       cu.referenced_table_name,
       cu.referenced_column_name,
       IF(rc.update_rule = 'NO ACTION', 'RESTRICT', rc.update_rule) AS update_rule,-- See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1498015/2742117
       IF(rc.delete_rule = 'NO ACTION', 'RESTRICT', rc.delete_rule) AS delete_rule -- See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1498015/2742117
FROM information_schema.key_column_usage cu
INNER JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints rc ON rc.constraint_schema = cu.table_schema
AND rc.table_name = cu.table_name
AND rc.constraint_name = cu.constraint_name
WHERE cu.referenced_table_schema = '<your schema>'
  AND cu.referenced_table_name = '<your table>';

这个解决方案不仅会显示所有的关系,还会显示约束的名称,这在某些情况下是必需的(例如drop constraint):

select
    concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
    concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
    constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
    information_schema.key_column_usage
where
    referenced_table_name is not null;

如果你想检查特定数据库中的表,在查询的最后添加模式名:

select
    concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
    concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
    constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
    information_schema.key_column_usage
where
    referenced_table_name is not null
    and table_schema = 'database_name';

同样,对于特定的列名,添加

table_name = 'table_name

在查询的末尾。

受到这篇文章的启发