在MySQL中,如何获得所有外键约束指向特定表的列表?一个特定的专栏?这和Oracle的问题是一样的,但是是MySQL的问题。
当前回答
这个解决方案不仅会显示所有的关系,还会显示约束的名称,这在某些情况下是必需的(例如drop constraint):
select
concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
information_schema.key_column_usage
where
referenced_table_name is not null;
如果你想检查特定数据库中的表,在查询的最后添加模式名:
select
concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
information_schema.key_column_usage
where
referenced_table_name is not null
and table_schema = 'database_name';
同样,对于特定的列名,添加
table_name = 'table_name
在查询的末尾。
受到这篇文章的启发
其他回答
作为Node的替代答案,如果你使用InnoDB并定义了FK,你可以查询information_schema数据库,例如:
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME
FROM information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = '<schema>'
AND TABLE_NAME = '<table>'
对于<表>中的外键,或
SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME
FROM information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = '<schema>'
AND REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME = '<table>'
对于<表>的外键
如果需要,还可以获得UPDATE_RULE和DELETE_RULE。
SQL中的约束是为表中的数据定义的规则。约束还限制进入表的数据类型。如果新数据不遵守这些规则,操作将中止。
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS where CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY';
你可以使用select * from information_schema.table_constraints;
(这会产生大量的表数据)。
你也可以在MySQL中使用:
show create table tableName;
如果你使用InnoDB并定义了FK,你可以查询information_schema数据库,例如:
SELECT * FROM information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
AND information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'myschema'
AND information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS.TABLE_NAME = 'mytable';
了解更新和删除行为通常是有帮助的,这是其他答案没有提供的。现在开始。
SELECT cu.table_name,
cu.column_name,
cu.constraint_name,
cu.referenced_table_name,
cu.referenced_column_name,
IF(rc.update_rule = 'NO ACTION', 'RESTRICT', rc.update_rule) AS update_rule,-- See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1498015/2742117
IF(rc.delete_rule = 'NO ACTION', 'RESTRICT', rc.delete_rule) AS delete_rule -- See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1498015/2742117
FROM information_schema.key_column_usage cu
INNER JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints rc ON rc.constraint_schema = cu.table_schema
AND rc.table_name = cu.table_name
AND rc.constraint_name = cu.constraint_name
WHERE cu.referenced_table_schema = '<your schema>'
AND cu.referenced_table_name = '<your table>';
这个解决方案不仅会显示所有的关系,还会显示约束的名称,这在某些情况下是必需的(例如drop constraint):
select
concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
information_schema.key_column_usage
where
referenced_table_name is not null;
如果你想检查特定数据库中的表,在查询的最后添加模式名:
select
concat(table_name, '.', column_name) as 'foreign key',
concat(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) as 'references',
constraint_name as 'constraint name'
from
information_schema.key_column_usage
where
referenced_table_name is not null
and table_schema = 'database_name';
同样,对于特定的列名,添加
table_name = 'table_name
在查询的末尾。
受到这篇文章的启发