只需使用此选项：

byte[] myByte= System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.Default.GetBytes(myString);

公认的答案非常非常复杂。为此，请使用包含的.NET类：

const string data = "A string with international characters: Norwegian: ÆØÅæøå, Chinese: 喂 谢谢";
var bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
var decoded = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);

如果你不需要。。。

从字节[]到字符串：

        return BitConverter.ToString(bytes);

BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
byte[] bytes;
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();

string orig = "喂 Hello 谢谢 Thank You";
bf.Serialize(ms, orig);
ms.Seek(0, 0);
bytes = ms.ToArray();

MessageBox.Show("Original bytes Length: " + bytes.Length.ToString());

MessageBox.Show("Original string Length: " + orig.Length.ToString());

for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i) bytes[i] ^= 168; // pseudo encrypt
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i) bytes[i] ^= 168; // pseudo decrypt

BinaryFormatter bfx = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream msx = new MemoryStream();            
msx.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
msx.Seek(0, 0);
string sx = (string)bfx.Deserialize(msx);

MessageBox.Show("Still intact :" + sx);

MessageBox.Show("Deserialize string Length(still intact): " 
    + sx.Length.ToString());

BinaryFormatter bfy = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream msy = new MemoryStream();
bfy.Serialize(msy, sx);
msy.Seek(0, 0);
byte[] bytesy = msy.ToArray();

MessageBox.Show("Deserialize bytes Length(still intact): " 
   + bytesy.Length.ToString());

试试这个，代码更少：

System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("TEST String");

以下是我的String-to-Byte[]转换的不安全实现：

public static unsafe Byte[] GetBytes(String s)
{
    Int32 length = s.Length * sizeof(Char);
    Byte[] bytes = new Byte[length];

    fixed (Char* pInput = s)
    fixed (Byte* pBytes = bytes)
    {
        Byte* source = (Byte*)pInput;
        Byte* destination = pBytes;

        if (length >= 16)
        {
            do
            {
                *((Int64*)destination) = *((Int64*)source);
                *((Int64*)(destination + 8)) = *((Int64*)(source + 8));

                source += 16;
                destination += 16;
            }
            while ((length -= 16) >= 16);
        }

        if (length > 0)
        {
            if ((length & 8) != 0)
            {
                *((Int64*)destination) = *((Int64*)source);

                source += 8;
                destination += 8;
            }

            if ((length & 4) != 0)
            {
                *((Int32*)destination) = *((Int32*)source);

                source += 4;
                destination += 4;
            }

            if ((length & 2) != 0)
            {
                *((Int16*)destination) = *((Int16*)source);

                source += 2;
                destination += 2;
            }

            if ((length & 1) != 0)
            {
                ++source;
                ++destination;

                destination[0] = source[0];
            }
        }
    }

    return bytes;
}

它比公认的anwser要快得多，即使没有它那么优雅。以下是我在10000000次迭代中的秒表基准：

[Second String: Length 20]
Buffer.BlockCopy: 746ms
Unsafe: 557ms

[Second String: Length 50]
Buffer.BlockCopy: 861ms
Unsafe: 753ms

[Third String: Length 100]
Buffer.BlockCopy: 1250ms
Unsafe: 1063ms

为了使用它，您必须在项目构建财产中勾选“允许不安全代码”。根据.NET Framework 3.5，此方法也可以用作字符串扩展：

public static unsafe class StringExtensions
{
    public static Byte[] ToByteArray(this String s)
    {
        // Method Code
    }
}