对于服务器上的所有数据库:

mysql> SELECT SCHEMA_NAME 'database', default_character_set_name 'charset', DEFAULT_COLLATION_NAME 'collation' FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA;

输出:

+----------------------------+---------+--------------------+
| database                   | charset | collation          |
+----------------------------+---------+--------------------+
| information_schema         | utf8    | utf8_general_ci    |
| my_database                | latin1  | latin1_swedish_ci  |
...
+----------------------------+---------+--------------------+

对于单个数据库:

mysql> USE my_database;
mysql> show variables like "character_set_database";

输出:

    +----------------------------+---------+
    | Variable_name              |  Value  |
    +----------------------------+---------+
    | character_set_database     |  latin1 | 
    +----------------------------+---------+

获取表的排序规则:

mysql> USE my_database;
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE NAME LIKE 'my_tablename';

OR -将输出创建表的完整SQL语句:

Mysql >创建表my_tablename

获取列的排序规则:

mysql> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM my_tablename;

输出:

+---------+--------------+--------------------+ ....
| field   | type         | collation          |
+---------+--------------+--------------------+ ....
| id      | int(10)      | (NULL)             |
| key     | varchar(255) | latin1_swedish_ci  |
| value   | varchar(255) | latin1_swedish_ci  |
+---------+--------------+--------------------+ ....

数据库:

只需使用这些命令:

USE db_name;
SELECT @@character_set_database;
-- or:
-- SELECT @@collation_database;

我是这么做的——

对于模式(或数据库-它们是同义词):

SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA 
WHERE schema_name = "schemaname";

表:

SELECT CCSA.character_set_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` T,
       information_schema.`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA
WHERE CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation
  AND T.table_schema = "schemaname"
  AND T.table_name = "tablename";

列:

SELECT character_set_name FROM information_schema.`COLUMNS` 
WHERE table_schema = "schemaname"
  AND table_name = "tablename"
  AND column_name = "columnname";

我总是看SHOW CREATE TABLE mydatabase。mytable。

对于数据库，似乎需要查看SELECT DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA。

正如前面所写的，SHOW FULL COLUMNS应该是获取列信息的首选方法。 缺少的是在不直接到达元数据表的情况下获取字符集的方法:

SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM my_table WHERE Field = 'my_field'
SHOW COLLATION WHERE Collation = 'collation_you_got'

列:

SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM table_name;