下面是在Dart中创建单例对象的几种不同方法的比较。

1. 工厂构造函数

class SingletonOne {

  SingletonOne._privateConstructor();

  static final SingletonOne _instance = SingletonOne._privateConstructor();

  factory SingletonOne() {
    return _instance;
  }

}

2. 带有getter的静态字段

class SingletonTwo {

  SingletonTwo._privateConstructor();

  static final SingletonTwo _instance = SingletonTwo._privateConstructor();

  static SingletonTwo get instance => _instance;
  
}

3.静态字段

class SingletonThree {

  SingletonThree._privateConstructor();

  static final SingletonThree instance = SingletonThree._privateConstructor();
  
}

如何实例化

上面的单例是这样实例化的:

SingletonOne one = SingletonOne();
SingletonTwo two = SingletonTwo.instance;
SingletonThree three = SingletonThree.instance;

注意:

我最初是把这个作为一个问题来问的，但发现上面所有的方法都是有效的，选择在很大程度上取决于个人喜好。

这是我做单例的方式，接受参数(你可以直接粘贴到https://dartpad.dev/):

void main() {
  
  Logger x = Logger('asd');
  Logger y = Logger('xyz');
  
  x.display('Hello');
  y.display('Hello There');
}


class Logger{
  
  
  Logger._(this.message);
  final String message;
  static Logger _instance = Logger._('??!?*');
  factory Logger(String message){
    if(_instance.message=='??!?*'){
      _instance = Logger._(message);
    }
    return _instance;
  }
  
  void display(String prefix){
    print(prefix+' '+message);
  }
  
}

输入:

Hello asd
Hello There asd

“? ? ! ?*'你看到的只是一个工作区，我做了初始化_instance变量暂时没有使它成为一个Logger?类型(空安全)。

这应该有用。

class GlobalStore {
    static GlobalStore _instance;
    static GlobalStore get instance {
       if(_instance == null)
           _instance = new GlobalStore()._();
       return _instance;
    }

    _(){

    }
    factory GlobalStore()=> instance;


}

你好，这样的东西怎么样?非常简单的实现，Injector本身是单例的，并且还添加了类。当然可以很容易地扩展。如果您正在寻找更复杂的东西，请检查这个包:https://pub.dartlang.org/packages/flutter_simple_dependency_injection

void main() {  
  Injector injector = Injector();
  injector.add(() => Person('Filip'));
  injector.add(() => City('New York'));

  Person person =  injector.get<Person>(); 
  City city =  injector.get<City>();

  print(person.name);
  print(city.name);
}

class Person {
  String name;

  Person(this.name);
}

class City {
  String name;

  City(this.name);
}


typedef T CreateInstanceFn<T>();

class Injector {
  static final Injector _singleton =  Injector._internal();
  final _factories = Map<String, dynamic>();

  factory Injector() {
    return _singleton;
  }

  Injector._internal();

  String _generateKey<T>(T type) {
    return '${type.toString()}_instance';
  }

  void add<T>(CreateInstanceFn<T> createInstance) {
    final typeKey = _generateKey(T);
    _factories[typeKey] = createInstance();
  }

  T get<T>() {
    final typeKey = _generateKey(T);
    T instance = _factories[typeKey];
    if (instance == null) {
      print('Cannot find instance for type $typeKey');
    }

    return instance;
  }
}

我在dart和之前的Swift上使用这个简单的模式。我喜欢它的简洁和只有一种使用方式。

class Singleton {
  static Singleton shared = Singleton._init();
  Singleton._init() {
    // init work here
  }

  void doSomething() {
  }
}

Singleton.shared.doSomething();

在Dart中创建Singleton没有什么棘手的。您可以在顶级(全局)位置声明任何变量，默认情况下这是一个单例。也可以将变量声明为类的静态成员。这是单元素a。

class A {}

final a = A();

However, the above does not allow you to replace the instance for testing. The other issue is that as the app grows in complexity, you may want to convert global or static variables to transient dependencies inside your classes. If you use dependency injection, you can change a dependency inside your composition at any time. This is an example of using ioc_container to configure a singleton instance of A in the root of an app. You can change this to a transient dependency any time by using add instead of addSingletonService

import 'package:ioc_container/ioc_container.dart';

class A {}

void main(List<String> arguments) {
  final builder = IocContainerBuilder()..addSingletonService(A());
  final container = builder.toContainer();
  final a1 = container<A>();
  final a2 = container<A>();
  print(identical(a1, a2));
}

上面打印为真，因为应用程序只会生成一个A实例。