在Dzone上找到的

用零填充:

String.format("|%020d|", 93); // prints: |00000000000000000093|

下面是另一种向右填充的方法:

// put the number of spaces, or any character you like, in your paddedString

String paddedString = "--------------------";

String myStringToBePadded = "I like donuts";

myStringToBePadded = myStringToBePadded + paddedString.substring(myStringToBePadded.length());

//result:
myStringToBePadded = "I like donuts-------";

@ck和@Marlon Tarak的答案是唯一使用char[]的答案，对于每秒有几个填充方法调用的应用程序来说，这是最好的方法。然而，它们没有利用任何数组操作优化，而且对我来说有点覆盖;这完全不需要循环。

public static String pad(String source, char fill, int length, boolean right){
    if(source.length() > length) return source;
    char[] out = new char[length];
    if(right){
        System.arraycopy(source.toCharArray(), 0, out, 0, source.length());
        Arrays.fill(out, source.length(), length, fill);
    }else{
        int sourceOffset = length - source.length();
        System.arraycopy(source.toCharArray(), 0, out, sourceOffset, source.length());
        Arrays.fill(out, 0, sourceOffset, fill);
    }
    return new String(out);
}

简单测试方法:

public static void main(String... args){
    System.out.println("012345678901234567890123456789");
    System.out.println(pad("cats", ' ', 30, true));
    System.out.println(pad("cats", ' ', 30, false));
    System.out.println(pad("cats", ' ', 20, false));
    System.out.println(pad("cats", '$', 30, true));
    System.out.println(pad("too long for your own good, buddy", '#', 30, true));
}

输出:

012345678901234567890123456789
cats                          
                          cats
                cats
cats$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
too long for your own good, buddy 

你可以使用内置的StringBuilder append()和insert()方法， 对于可变字符串长度的填充:

AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) ;

例如:

private static final String  MAX_STRING = "                    "; //20 spaces

    Set<StringBuilder> set= new HashSet<StringBuilder>();
    set.add(new StringBuilder("12345678"));
    set.add(new StringBuilder("123456789"));
    set.add(new StringBuilder("1234567811"));
    set.add(new StringBuilder("12345678123"));
    set.add(new StringBuilder("1234567812234"));
    set.add(new StringBuilder("1234567812222"));
    set.add(new StringBuilder("12345678122334"));

    for(StringBuilder padMe: set)
        padMe.append(MAX_STRING, padMe.length(), MAX_STRING.length());

我知道这个线程有点老了，最初的问题是为了一个简单的解决方案，但如果它应该是真的很快，你应该使用字符数组。

public static String pad(String str, int size, char padChar)
{
    if (str.length() < size)
    {
        char[] temp = new char[size];
        int i = 0;

        while (i < str.length())
        {
            temp[i] = str.charAt(i);
            i++;
        }

        while (i < size)
        {
            temp[i] = padChar;
            i++;
        }

        str = new String(temp);
    }

    return str;
}

格式化程序解决方案不是最佳的。仅仅构建格式字符串就会创建2个新字符串。

Apache的解决方案可以通过用目标大小初始化sb来改进，从而替换下面的内容

StringBuffer padded = new StringBuffer(str); 

与

StringBuffer padded = new StringBuffer(pad); 
padded.append(value);

会阻止某人内部缓冲的增长。

我花了一点时间才想明白。 真正的关键是阅读Formatter文档。

// Get your data from wherever.
final byte[] data = getData();
// Get the digest engine.
final MessageDigest md5= MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
// Send your data through it.
md5.update(data);
// Parse the data as a positive BigInteger.
final BigInteger digest = new BigInteger(1,md5.digest());
// Pad the digest with blanks, 32 wide.
String hex = String.format(
    // See: http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/Formatter.html
    // Format: %[argument_index$][flags][width]conversion
    // Conversion: 'x', 'X'  integral    The result is formatted as a hexadecimal integer
    "%1$32x",
    digest
);
// Replace the blank padding with 0s.
hex = hex.replace(" ","0");
System.out.println(hex);