在我的情况下，我需要一个简单的唯一键替换名称，所以我想到了这个:

a = 'This is a test string.'
b = {'i': 'I', 's': 'S'}
for x,y in b.items():
    a = a.replace(x, y)
>>> a
'ThIS IS a teSt StrIng.'

您可以使用pandas库和replace函数，它既支持精确匹配，也支持正则表达式替换。例如:

df = pd.DataFrame({'text': ['Billy is going to visit Rome in November', 'I was born in 10/10/2010', 'I will be there at 20:00']})

to_replace=['Billy','Rome','January|February|March|April|May|June|July|August|September|October|November|December', '\d{2}:\d{2}', '\d{2}/\d{2}/\d{4}']
replace_with=['name','city','month','time', 'date']

print(df.text.replace(to_replace, replace_with, regex=True))

修改后的文本为:

0    name is going to visit city in month
1                      I was born in date
2                 I will be there at time

你可以在这里找到一个例子。请注意，文本上的替换是按照它们在列表中出现的顺序进行的

或者简单说一下:

for line in to_read:
    read_buffer = line              
    stripped_buffer1 = read_buffer.replace("term1", " ")
    stripped_buffer2 = stripped_buffer1.replace("term2", " ")
    write_to_file = to_write.write(stripped_buffer2)

这是我的0.02美元。它基于Andrew Clark的答案，只是更清楚一点，它还涵盖了当一个字符串被替换为另一个字符串的子字符串时的情况(更长的字符串胜出)

def multireplace(string, replacements):
    """
    Given a string and a replacement map, it returns the replaced string.

    :param str string: string to execute replacements on
    :param dict replacements: replacement dictionary {value to find: value to replace}
    :rtype: str

    """
    # Place longer ones first to keep shorter substrings from matching
    # where the longer ones should take place
    # For instance given the replacements {'ab': 'AB', 'abc': 'ABC'} against 
    # the string 'hey abc', it should produce 'hey ABC' and not 'hey ABc'
    substrs = sorted(replacements, key=len, reverse=True)

    # Create a big OR regex that matches any of the substrings to replace
    regexp = re.compile('|'.join(map(re.escape, substrs)))

    # For each match, look up the new string in the replacements
    return regexp.sub(lambda match: replacements[match.group(0)], string)

这就是这个要点，如果你有任何建议，请随意修改。

注意:测试你的案例，见注释。

这里有一个例子，它在长弦上更有效，有许多小的替换。

source = "Here is foo, it does moo!"

replacements = {
    'is': 'was', # replace 'is' with 'was'
    'does': 'did',
    '!': '?'
}

def replace(source, replacements):
    finder = re.compile("|".join(re.escape(k) for k in replacements.keys())) # matches every string we want replaced
    result = []
    pos = 0
    while True:
        match = finder.search(source, pos)
        if match:
            # cut off the part up until match
            result.append(source[pos : match.start()])
            # cut off the matched part and replace it in place
            result.append(replacements[source[match.start() : match.end()]])
            pos = match.end()
        else:
            # the rest after the last match
            result.append(source[pos:])
            break
    return "".join(result)

print replace(source, replacements)

关键是要避免长字符串的多次连接。我们将源字符串切成片段，在我们形成列表时替换一些片段，然后将整个字符串连接回字符串。

下面是一个支持基本正则表达式替换的版本。主要的限制是表达式不能包含子组，并且可能存在一些边缘情况:

基于@bgusach和其他的代码

import re

class StringReplacer:

    def __init__(self, replacements, ignore_case=False):
        patterns = sorted(replacements, key=len, reverse=True)
        self.replacements = [replacements[k] for k in patterns]
        re_mode = re.IGNORECASE if ignore_case else 0
        self.pattern = re.compile('|'.join(("({})".format(p) for p in patterns)), re_mode)
        def tr(matcher):
            index = next((index for index,value in enumerate(matcher.groups()) if value), None)
            return self.replacements[index]
        self.tr = tr

    def __call__(self, string):
        return self.pattern.sub(self.tr, string)

测试

table = {
    "aaa"    : "[This is three a]",
    "b+"     : "[This is one or more b]",
    r"<\w+>" : "[This is a tag]"
}

replacer = StringReplacer(table, True)

sample1 = "whatever bb, aaa, <star> BBB <end>"

print(replacer(sample1))

# output: 
# whatever [This is one or more b], [This is three a], [This is a tag] [This is one or more b] [This is a tag]

诀窍是通过位置来识别匹配的组。它不是超级高效(O(n))，但它是有效的。

index = next((index for index,value in enumerate(matcher.groups()) if value), None)

替换是一次完成的。