top命令还包含一个字段，用于显示进程的页面错误数量。页面错误最多的进程是交换次数最多的进程。 对于长时间运行的守护进程，可能会在开始时产生大量的页面错误，并且这个数字在以后不会增加。所以我们需要观察页面故障是否在增加。

运行top，然后按OpEnter。现在进程应该根据它们的交换使用情况进行排序。

这是一个更新，因为我原来的答案没有提供一个确切的答案，在评论中指出的问题。从htop常见问题:

It is not possible to get the exact size of used swap space of a process. Top fakes this information by making SWAP = VIRT - RES, but that is not a good metric, because other stuff such as video memory counts on VIRT as well (for example: top says my X process is using 81M of swap, but it also reports my system as a whole is using only 2M of swap. Therefore, I will not add a similar Swap column to htop because I don't know a reliable way to get this information (actually, I don't think it's possible to get an exact number, because of shared pages).

top命令还包含一个字段，用于显示进程的页面错误数量。页面错误最多的进程是交换次数最多的进程。 对于长时间运行的守护进程，可能会在开始时产生大量的页面错误，并且这个数字在以后不会增加。所以我们需要观察页面故障是否在增加。

这是脚本的另一个变体，但意味着提供更可读的输出(你需要以根用户身份运行这个脚本才能得到准确的结果):

#!/bin/bash

    # find-out-what-is-using-your-swap.sh
    # -- Get current swap usage for all running processes
    # --
    # -- rev.0.3, 2012-09-03, Jan Smid          - alignment and intendation, sorting
    # -- rev.0.2, 2012-08-09, Mikko Rantalainen - pipe the output to "sort -nk3" to get sorted output
    # -- rev.0.1, 2011-05-27, Erik Ljungstrom   - initial version


SCRIPT_NAME=`basename $0`;
SORT="kb";                 # {pid|kB|name} as first parameter, [default: kb]
[ "$1" != "" ] && { SORT="$1"; }

[ ! -x `which mktemp` ] && { echo "ERROR: mktemp is not available!"; exit; }
MKTEMP=`which mktemp`;
TMP=`${MKTEMP} -d`;
[ ! -d "${TMP}" ] && { echo "ERROR: unable to create temp dir!"; exit; }

>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
>${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;

SUM=0;
OVERALL=0;
    echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;

for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`;
do
    PID=`echo $DIR | cut -d / -f 3`
    PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`

    for SWAP in `grep Swap $DIR/smaps 2>/dev/null| awk '{ print $2 }'`
    do
        let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
    done

    if (( $SUM > 0 ));
    then
        echo -n ".";
        echo -e "${PID}\t${SUM}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid;
        echo -e "${SUM}\t${PID}\t${PROGNAME}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb;
        echo -e "${PROGNAME}\t${SUM}\t${PID}" >> ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name;
    fi
    let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
    SUM=0
done
echo "${OVERALL}" > ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.overal;
echo;
echo "Overall swap used: ${OVERALL} kB";
echo "========================================";
case "${SORT}" in
    name )
        echo -e "name\tkB\tpid";
        echo "========================================";
        cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.name|sort -r;
        ;;

    kb )
        echo -e "kB\tpid\tname";
        echo "========================================";
        cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.kb|sort -rh;
        ;;

    pid | * )
        echo -e "pid\tkB\tname";
        echo "========================================";
        cat ${TMP}/${SCRIPT_NAME}.pid|sort -rh;
        ;;
esac
rm -fR "${TMP}/";

与@lolotux相同的答案，但有排序输出:

printf 'Computing swap usage...\n';
swap_usages="$(
    SUM=0
    OVERALL=0

    for DIR in `find /proc/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -regex "^/proc/[0-9]+"`
    do
        PID="$(printf '%s' "$DIR" | cut -d / -f 3)"
        PROGNAME=`ps -p $PID -o comm --no-headers`
        for SWAP in `grep VmSwap $DIR/status 2>/dev/null | awk '{ print $2 }'`
        do
            let SUM=$SUM+$SWAP
        done
        if (( $SUM > 0 )); then
            printf "$SUM KB ($PROGNAME) swapped PID=$PID\\n"
        fi
        let OVERALL=$OVERALL+$SUM
        SUM=0
        break
    done
    printf '9999999999 Overall swap used: %s KB\n' "$OVERALL"
)"

printf '%s' "$swap_usages" | sort -nk1

示例输出:

Computing swap usage...
2064 KB (systemd) swapped PID=1
59620 KB (xfdesktop) swapped PID=21405
64484 KB (nemo) swapped PID=763627
66740 KB (teamviewerd) swapped PID=1618
68244 KB (flameshot) swapped PID=84209
763136 KB (plugin_host) swapped PID=1881345
1412480 KB (java) swapped PID=43402
3864548 KB (sublime_text) swapped PID=1881327
9999999999 Overall swap used: 2064 KB

我认为，您可以通过运行top并查找使用大量内存的活动进程来得到一个很好的猜测。通过编程实现这一点比较困难——只要看看关于Linux OOM杀手启发式的无休止的争论就知道了。

交换是一种活动使用的内存比安装的内存多的功能，因此通常很难将其归咎于单个进程。如果这是一个持续的问题，最好的解决方案是安装更多的内存，或进行其他系统更改。