维基上有关于volatile的所有信息:

Volatile(计算机编程)

Linux内核的文档也对volatile做了一个很好的标记:

为什么不应该使用“volatile”类型类

Volatile告诉编译器你的变量可以通过其他方式被改变，而不是通过访问它的代码。例如，它可能是一个I/ o映射的内存位置。如果在这种情况下没有指定这一点，一些变量访问可以被优化，例如，它的内容可以保存在寄存器中，并且内存位置不会再次读入。

它有两个用途。这些在嵌入式开发中特别常用。

编译器不会优化使用volatile关键字定义的变量的函数 Volatile用于访问RAM、ROM等中的精确内存位置。这通常用于控制内存映射设备，访问CPU寄存器和定位特定的内存位置。

参见程序集清单示例。 回复:在嵌入式开发中使用C“volatile”关键字

简单来说，它告诉编译器不要对特定变量做任何优化。映射到设备寄存器的变量由设备间接修改。在这种情况下，必须使用volatile。

维基上有关于volatile的所有信息:

Volatile(计算机编程)

Linux内核的文档也对volatile做了一个很好的标记:

为什么不应该使用“volatile”类型类

在Dennis Ritchie设计的语言中，除了地址未被获取的自动对象外，对任何对象的每次访问都表现为计算对象的地址，然后在该地址上读写存储。这使得该语言非常强大，但严重限制了优化机会。

While it might have been possible to add a qualifier that would invite a compiler to assume that a particular object wouldn't be changed in weird ways, such an assumption would be appropriate for the vast majority of objects in C programs, and it would have been impractical to add a qualifier to all the objects for which such assumption would be appropriate. On the other hand, some programs need to use some objects for which such an assumption would not hold. To resolve this issue, the Standard says that compilers may assume that objects which are not declared volatile will not have their value observed or changed in ways that are outside the compiler's control, or would be outside a reasonable compiler's understanding.

Because various platforms may have different ways in which objects could be observed or modified outside a compiler's control, it is appropriate that quality compilers for those platforms should differ in their exact handling of volatile semantics. Unfortunately, because the Standard failed to suggest that quality compilers intended for low-level programming on a platform should handle volatile in a way that will recognize any and all relevant effects of a particular read/write operation on that platform, many compilers fall short of doing so in ways that make it harder to process things like background I/O in a way which is efficient but can't be broken by compiler "optimizations".