我在看Pluralsight关于React的课程，老师说道具不应该被改变。我现在正在读一篇关于道具vs.国家的文章(uberVU/react-guide)，它说
道具和状态更改都会触发呈现更新。
文章后面说:
Props(属性的缩写)是组件的配置，如果可以的话，是它的选项。它们是从上面接收的，是不可变的。
所以道具可以改变，但它们应该是不可变的? 什么时候应该使用道具，什么时候应该使用状态? 如果你有一个React组件需要的数据，它应该通过道具或设置在React组件通过getInitialState?
当前回答
简单的解释是: STATE是组件的局部状态，例如color = "blue"或animation=true等。用这个。setState更改组件的状态。 PROPS是组件如何相互通信(将数据从父组件发送给子组件)以及如何使组件可重用。
其他回答
state -这是一个特殊的可变属性，保存组件数据。它在Componet挂载时具有默认值。
props -这是一个特殊的属性，本质上是不可变的，用于从父到子的值传递。props只是组件之间的通信通道，总是从顶部(父组件)移动到底部(子组件)。
下面是结合状态和道具的完整示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>state&props example</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react@0.14.8/dist/react.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@0.14.8/dist/react-dom.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/babel-standalone@6.15.0/babel.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
var TodoList = React.createClass({
render(){
return <div className='tacos-list'>
{
this.props.list.map( ( todo, index ) => {
return <p key={ `taco-${ index }` }>{ todo }</p>;
})}
</div>;
}
});
var Todo = React.createClass({
getInitialState(){
return {
list : [ 'Banana', 'Apple', 'Beans' ]
}
},
handleReverse(){
this.setState({list : this.state.list.reverse()});
},
render(){
return <div className='parent-component'>
<h3 onClick={this.handleReverse}>List of todo:</h3>
<TodoList list={ this.state.list } />
</div>;
}
});
ReactDOM.render(
<Todo/>,
document.getElementById('root')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在react中，我们通常使用模块来分离组件。有时分离的组件需要在它们内部共享数据。如果父组件有一些数据应该在子组件上共享，那么道具是解决方案。我们可以使用从父母到孩子的道具共享数据。Props是不可变的，这意味着您不能更改数据。
另一方面，状态用于跟踪数据中的任何变化。您可以将状态视为数据的存储和可以更新该数据的函数。状态是可变的。您可以在同一组件中使用setState函数更改状态
React props和state之间的主要区别是props是不可变的，一旦组件接收到一个props，它就不能改变它的值，而在另一方面，React state是可变的，组件可以根据需要的时间自由改变它的值。
props是JavaScript对象，传递给组件，保存配置属性。 props是接收组件不可更改的 state是在Component中管理的JavaScript对象，保存它的内部状态。 更新可以触发重新渲染
Basically, props and state are two ways the component can know what and how to render. Which part of the application state belongs to state and which to some top-level store, is more related to your app design, than to how React works. The simplest way to decide, IMO, is to think, whether this particular piece of data is useful for application as a whole, or it's some local information. Also, it's important to not duplicate state, so if some piece of data can be calculated from props - it should calculated from props.
For example, let's say you have some dropdown control (which wraps standart HTML select for custom styling), which can a) select some value from list, and b) be opened or closed (i.e., the options list displayed or hidden). Now, let's say your app displays a list of items of some sort and your dropdown controls filter for list entries. Then, it would be best to pass active filter value as a prop, and keep opened/closed state local. Also, to make it functional, you would pass an onChange handler from parent component, which would be called inside dropdown element and send updated information (new selected filter) to the store immediately. On the other hand, opened/closed state can be kept inside dropdown component, because the rest of the application doesn't really care if the control is opened, until user actually changes it value.
下面的代码是不完全工作，它需要css和处理下拉单击/模糊/改变事件，但我想保持示例最小。希望这有助于理解其中的区别。
const _store = {
items: [
{ id: 1, label: 'One' },
{ id: 2, label: 'Two' },
{ id: 3, label: 'Three', new: true },
{ id: 4, label: 'Four', new: true },
{ id: 5, label: 'Five', important: true },
{ id: 6, label: 'Six' },
{ id: 7, label: 'Seven', important: true },
],
activeFilter: 'important',
possibleFilters: [
{ key: 'all', label: 'All' },
{ key: 'new', label: 'New' },
{ key: 'important', label: 'Important' }
]
}
function getFilteredItems(items, filter) {
switch (filter) {
case 'all':
return items;
case 'new':
return items.filter(function(item) { return Boolean(item.new); });
case 'important':
return items.filter(function(item) { return Boolean(item.important); });
default:
return items;
}
}
const App = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return (
<div>
My list:
<ItemList items={this.props.listItems} />
<div>
<Dropdown
onFilterChange={function(e) {
_store.activeFilter = e.currentTarget.value;
console.log(_store); // in real life, some action would be dispatched here
}}
filterOptions={this.props.filterOptions}
value={this.props.activeFilter}
/>
</div>
</div>
);
}
});
const ItemList = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return (
<div>
{this.props.items.map(function(item) {
return <div key={item.id}>{item.id}: {item.label}</div>;
})}
</div>
);
}
});
const Dropdown = React.createClass({
getInitialState: function() {
return {
isOpen: false
};
},
render: function() {
return (
<div>
<select
className="hidden-select"
onChange={this.props.onFilterChange}
value={this.props.value}>
{this.props.filterOptions.map(function(option) {
return <option value={option.key} key={option.key}>{option.label}</option>
})}
</select>
<div className={'custom-select' + (this.state.isOpen ? ' open' : '')} onClick={this.onClick}>
<div className="selected-value">{this.props.activeFilter}</div>
{this.props.filterOptions.map(function(option) {
return <div data-value={option.key} key={option.key}>{option.label}</div>
})}
</div>
</div>
);
},
onClick: function(e) {
this.setState({
isOpen: !this.state.isOpen
});
}
});
ReactDOM.render(
<App
listItems={getFilteredItems(_store.items, _store.activeFilter)}
filterOptions={_store.possibleFilters}
activeFilter={_store.activeFilter}
/>,
document.getElementById('root')
);
