用MySQL计算中位数最简单(希望不会太慢)的方法是什么?我已经使用AVG(x)来寻找平均值，但我很难找到一个简单的方法来计算中位数。现在，我将所有的行返回到PHP，进行排序，然后选择中间的行，但是肯定有一些简单的方法可以在一个MySQL查询中完成它。
示例数据:
id | val
--------
1 4
2 7
3 2
4 2
5 9
6 8
7 3
对val排序得到2 2 3 4 7 8 9，因此中位数应该是4，而SELECT AVG(val) == 5。
当前回答
你也可以选择在存储过程中这样做:
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS median;
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE median (table_name VARCHAR(255), column_name VARCHAR(255), where_clause VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
-- Set default parameters
IF where_clause IS NULL OR where_clause = '' THEN
SET where_clause = 1;
END IF;
-- Prepare statement
SET @sql = CONCAT(
"SELECT AVG(middle_values) AS 'median' FROM (
SELECT t1.", column_name, " AS 'middle_values' FROM
(
SELECT @row:=@row+1 as `row`, x.", column_name, "
FROM ", table_name," AS x, (SELECT @row:=0) AS r
WHERE ", where_clause, " ORDER BY x.", column_name, "
) AS t1,
(
SELECT COUNT(*) as 'count'
FROM ", table_name, " x
WHERE ", where_clause, "
) AS t2
-- the following condition will return 1 record for odd number sets, or 2 records for even number sets.
WHERE t1.row >= t2.count/2
AND t1.row <= ((t2.count/2)+1)) AS t3
");
-- Execute statement
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
END//
DELIMITER ;
-- Sample usage:
-- median(table_name, column_name, where_condition);
CALL median('products', 'price', NULL);
其他回答
来自: http://mdb-blog.blogspot.com/2015/06/mysql-find-median-nth-element-without.html
我建议另一种方法，不用连接， 但是处理字符串
我没有用大数据表来检验， 但是中小型的桌子就可以了。
这里的好处是，它也可以通过GROUPING工作，所以它可以返回几个项目的中值。
下面是测试表的测试代码:
DROP TABLE test.test_median
CREATE TABLE test.test_median AS
SELECT 'book' AS grp, 4 AS val UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 9 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 'note', 11 UNION ALL
SELECT 'bike', 22 UNION ALL
SELECT 'bike', 26
求每组中位数的代码:
SELECT grp,
SUBSTRING_INDEX( SUBSTRING_INDEX( GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val), ',', COUNT(*)/2 ), ',', -1) as the_median,
GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val) as all_vals_for_debug
FROM test.test_median
GROUP BY grp
输出:
grp | the_median| all_vals_for_debug
bike| 22 | 22,26
book| 4 | 2,2,3,4,7,8,9
note| 11 | 11
这些方法从同一个表中选择两次。如果源数据来自一个昂贵的查询，这是一种避免运行两次的方法:
select KEY_FIELD, AVG(VALUE_FIELD) MEDIAN_VALUE
from (
select KEY_FIELD, VALUE_FIELD, RANKF
, @rownumr := IF(@prevrowidr=KEY_FIELD,@rownumr+1,1) RANKR
, @prevrowidr := KEY_FIELD
FROM (
SELECT KEY_FIELD, VALUE_FIELD, RANKF
FROM (
SELECT KEY_FIELD, VALUE_FIELD
, @rownumf := IF(@prevrowidf=KEY_FIELD,@rownumf+1,1) RANKF
, @prevrowidf := KEY_FIELD
FROM (
SELECT KEY_FIELD, VALUE_FIELD
FROM (
-- some expensive query
) B
ORDER BY KEY_FIELD, VALUE_FIELD
) C
, (SELECT @rownumf := 1) t_rownum
, (SELECT @prevrowidf := '*') t_previd
) D
ORDER BY KEY_FIELD, RANKF DESC
) E
, (SELECT @rownumr := 1) t_rownum
, (SELECT @prevrowidr := '*') t_previd
) F
WHERE RANKF-RANKR BETWEEN -1 and 1
GROUP BY KEY_FIELD
不幸的是，无论是TheJacobTaylor还是velcrow的答案都不会返回当前版本MySQL的准确结果。
从上面来看，魔术贴的答案是接近的，但它不能正确计算具有偶数行数的结果集。中位数定义为1)奇数集上的中间数，或2)偶数集上两个中间数的平均值。
所以，这里是魔术贴的解决方案修补处理奇数和偶数集:
SELECT AVG(middle_values) AS 'median' FROM (
SELECT t1.median_column AS 'middle_values' FROM
(
SELECT @row:=@row+1 as `row`, x.median_column
FROM median_table AS x, (SELECT @row:=0) AS r
WHERE 1
-- put some where clause here
ORDER BY x.median_column
) AS t1,
(
SELECT COUNT(*) as 'count'
FROM median_table x
WHERE 1
-- put same where clause here
) AS t2
-- the following condition will return 1 record for odd number sets, or 2 records for even number sets.
WHERE t1.row >= t2.count/2 and t1.row <= ((t2.count/2) +1)) AS t3;
要使用它，请遵循以下3个简单步骤:
将上面代码中的“median_table”(出现2次)替换为您的表名 将“median_column”(3次)替换为您希望为其查找中位数的列名 如果你有一个WHERE条件，用WHERE条件替换“WHERE 1”(2次)
你也可以选择在存储过程中这样做:
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS median;
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE median (table_name VARCHAR(255), column_name VARCHAR(255), where_clause VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
-- Set default parameters
IF where_clause IS NULL OR where_clause = '' THEN
SET where_clause = 1;
END IF;
-- Prepare statement
SET @sql = CONCAT(
"SELECT AVG(middle_values) AS 'median' FROM (
SELECT t1.", column_name, " AS 'middle_values' FROM
(
SELECT @row:=@row+1 as `row`, x.", column_name, "
FROM ", table_name," AS x, (SELECT @row:=0) AS r
WHERE ", where_clause, " ORDER BY x.", column_name, "
) AS t1,
(
SELECT COUNT(*) as 'count'
FROM ", table_name, " x
WHERE ", where_clause, "
) AS t2
-- the following condition will return 1 record for odd number sets, or 2 records for even number sets.
WHERE t1.row >= t2.count/2
AND t1.row <= ((t2.count/2)+1)) AS t3
");
-- Execute statement
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
END//
DELIMITER ;
-- Sample usage:
-- median(table_name, column_name, where_condition);
CALL median('products', 'price', NULL);
SELECT
SUBSTRING_INDEX(
SUBSTRING_INDEX(
GROUP_CONCAT(field ORDER BY field),
',',
((
ROUND(
LENGTH(GROUP_CONCAT(field)) -
LENGTH(
REPLACE(
GROUP_CONCAT(field),
',',
''
)
)
) / 2) + 1
)),
',',
-1
)
FROM
table
上面的方法似乎对我有用。
