你也可以选择在存储过程中这样做:

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS median;
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE median (table_name VARCHAR(255), column_name VARCHAR(255), where_clause VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
  -- Set default parameters
  IF where_clause IS NULL OR where_clause = '' THEN
    SET where_clause = 1;
  END IF;

  -- Prepare statement
  SET @sql = CONCAT(
    "SELECT AVG(middle_values) AS 'median' FROM (
      SELECT t1.", column_name, " AS 'middle_values' FROM
        (
          SELECT @row:=@row+1 as `row`, x.", column_name, "
          FROM ", table_name," AS x, (SELECT @row:=0) AS r
          WHERE ", where_clause, " ORDER BY x.", column_name, "
        ) AS t1,
        (
          SELECT COUNT(*) as 'count'
          FROM ", table_name, " x
          WHERE ", where_clause, "
        ) AS t2
        -- the following condition will return 1 record for odd number sets, or 2 records for even number sets.
        WHERE t1.row >= t2.count/2
          AND t1.row <= ((t2.count/2)+1)) AS t3
    ");

  -- Execute statement
  PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
  EXECUTE stmt;
END//
DELIMITER ;


-- Sample usage:
-- median(table_name, column_name, where_condition);
CALL median('products', 'price', NULL);

我下面提出的解决方案只需要一个查询，而不需要创建表、变量甚至子查询。 另外，它可以让你在组-查询(这是我需要的!)

SELECT `columnA`, 
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(`columnB` ORDER BY `columnB`), ',', CEILING((COUNT(`columnB`)/2))), ',', -1) medianOfColumnB
FROM `tableC`
-- some where clause if you want
GROUP BY `columnA`;

它之所以能够工作，是因为巧妙地使用了group_concat和substring_index。

但是，为了允许大的group_concat，必须将group_concat_max_len设置为一个更高的值(默认为1024字符)。 你可以这样设置(对于当前的sql会话):

SET SESSION group_concat_max_len = 10000; 
-- up to 4294967295 in 32-bits platform.

有关group_concat_max_len的更多信息:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_concat_max_len

我有一个包含大约10亿行的数据库，我们需要它来确定集合中的年龄中位数。对十亿行进行排序是困难的，但如果你将可以找到的不同值(年龄范围从0到100)聚合在一起，你可以对这个列表进行排序，并使用一些算术魔术来找到你想要的任何百分位数，如下所示:

with rawData(count_value) as
(
    select p.YEAR_OF_BIRTH
        from dbo.PERSON p
),
overallStats (avg_value, stdev_value, min_value, max_value, total) as
(
  select avg(1.0 * count_value) as avg_value,
    stdev(count_value) as stdev_value,
    min(count_value) as min_value,
    max(count_value) as max_value,
    count(*) as total
  from rawData
),
aggData (count_value, total, accumulated) as
(
  select count_value, 
    count(*) as total, 
        SUM(count(*)) OVER (ORDER BY count_value ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) as accumulated
  FROM rawData
  group by count_value
)
select o.total as count_value,
  o.min_value,
    o.max_value,
    o.avg_value,
    o.stdev_value,
    MIN(case when d.accumulated >= .50 * o.total then count_value else o.max_value end) as median_value,
    MIN(case when d.accumulated >= .10 * o.total then count_value else o.max_value end) as p10_value,
    MIN(case when d.accumulated >= .25 * o.total then count_value else o.max_value end) as p25_value,
    MIN(case when d.accumulated >= .75 * o.total then count_value else o.max_value end) as p75_value,
    MIN(case when d.accumulated >= .90 * o.total then count_value else o.max_value end) as p90_value
from aggData d
cross apply overallStats o
GROUP BY o.total, o.min_value, o.max_value, o.avg_value, o.stdev_value
;

这个查询取决于你的db支持窗口函数(包括ROWS UNBOUNDED precede)，但如果你没有，这是一个简单的事情，将aggData CTE与自身连接，并将所有先前的总数聚合到' cumulative '列，用于确定哪个值包含指定的预分词。上面的示例计算p10、p25、p50(中位数)、p75和p90。

屁股的

SELECT 
    SUBSTRING_INDEX(
        SUBSTRING_INDEX(
            GROUP_CONCAT(field ORDER BY field),
            ',',
            ((
                ROUND(
                    LENGTH(GROUP_CONCAT(field)) - 
                    LENGTH(
                        REPLACE(
                            GROUP_CONCAT(field),
                            ',',
                            ''
                        )
                    )
                ) / 2) + 1
            )),
            ',',
            -1
        )
FROM
    table

上面的方法似乎对我有用。

这是我的办法。当然，你可以把它放到一个过程中:-)

SET @median_counter = (SELECT FLOOR(COUNT(*)/2) - 1 AS `median_counter` FROM `data`);

SET @median = CONCAT('SELECT `val` FROM `data` ORDER BY `val` LIMIT ', @median_counter, ', 1');

PREPARE median FROM @median;

EXECUTE median;

你可以避免变量@median_counter，如果你替换它:

SET @median = CONCAT( 'SELECT `val` FROM `data` ORDER BY `val` LIMIT ',
                      (SELECT FLOOR(COUNT(*)/2) - 1 AS `median_counter` FROM `data`),
                      ', 1'
                    );

PREPARE median FROM @median;

EXECUTE median;

您可以使用窗口函数row_number()来回答查询以找到介质

select val 
from (select val, row_number() over (order by val) as rownumber, x.cnt 
from data, (select count(*) as cnt from data) x) abc
where rownumber=ceil(cnt/2);