用MySQL计算中位数最简单(希望不会太慢)的方法是什么?我已经使用AVG(x)来寻找平均值，但我很难找到一个简单的方法来计算中位数。现在，我将所有的行返回到PHP，进行排序，然后选择中间的行，但是肯定有一些简单的方法可以在一个MySQL查询中完成它。
示例数据:
id | val
--------
1 4
2 7
3 2
4 2
5 9
6 8
7 3
对val排序得到2 2 3 4 7 8 9，因此中位数应该是4，而SELECT AVG(val) == 5。
当前回答
来自: http://mdb-blog.blogspot.com/2015/06/mysql-find-median-nth-element-without.html
我建议另一种方法，不用连接， 但是处理字符串
我没有用大数据表来检验， 但是中小型的桌子就可以了。
这里的好处是，它也可以通过GROUPING工作，所以它可以返回几个项目的中值。
下面是测试表的测试代码:
DROP TABLE test.test_median
CREATE TABLE test.test_median AS
SELECT 'book' AS grp, 4 AS val UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 9 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 'book', 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 'note', 11 UNION ALL
SELECT 'bike', 22 UNION ALL
SELECT 'bike', 26
求每组中位数的代码:
SELECT grp,
SUBSTRING_INDEX( SUBSTRING_INDEX( GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val), ',', COUNT(*)/2 ), ',', -1) as the_median,
GROUP_CONCAT(val ORDER BY val) as all_vals_for_debug
FROM test.test_median
GROUP BY grp
输出:
grp | the_median| all_vals_for_debug
bike| 22 | 22,26
book| 4 | 2,2,3,4,7,8,9
note| 11 | 11
其他回答
MySQL文档中这一页的注释有以下建议:
-- (mostly) High Performance scaling MEDIAN function per group
-- Median defined in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median
--
-- by Peter Hlavac
-- 06.11.2008
--
-- Example Table:
DROP table if exists table_median;
CREATE TABLE table_median (id INTEGER(11),val INTEGER(11));
COMMIT;
INSERT INTO table_median (id, val) VALUES
(1, 7), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 1), (1, 8), (1, 3), (1, 6),
(2, 4),
(3, 5), (3, 2),
(4, 5), (4, 12), (4, 1), (4, 7);
-- Calculating the MEDIAN
SELECT @a := 0;
SELECT
id,
AVG(val) AS MEDIAN
FROM (
SELECT
id,
val
FROM (
SELECT
-- Create an index n for every id
@a := (@a + 1) mod o.c AS shifted_n,
IF(@a mod o.c=0, o.c, @a) AS n,
o.id,
o.val,
-- the number of elements for every id
o.c
FROM (
SELECT
t_o.id,
val,
c
FROM
table_median t_o INNER JOIN
(SELECT
id,
COUNT(1) AS c
FROM
table_median
GROUP BY
id
) t2
ON (t2.id = t_o.id)
ORDER BY
t_o.id,val
) o
) a
WHERE
IF(
-- if there is an even number of elements
-- take the lower and the upper median
-- and use AVG(lower,upper)
c MOD 2 = 0,
n = c DIV 2 OR n = (c DIV 2)+1,
-- if its an odd number of elements
-- take the first if its only one element
-- or take the one in the middle
IF(
c = 1,
n = 1,
n = c DIV 2 + 1
)
)
) a
GROUP BY
id;
-- Explanation:
-- The Statement creates a helper table like
--
-- n id val count
-- ----------------
-- 1, 1, 1, 7
-- 2, 1, 3, 7
-- 3, 1, 4, 7
-- 4, 1, 5, 7
-- 5, 1, 6, 7
-- 6, 1, 7, 7
-- 7, 1, 8, 7
--
-- 1, 2, 4, 1
-- 1, 3, 2, 2
-- 2, 3, 5, 2
--
-- 1, 4, 1, 4
-- 2, 4, 5, 4
-- 3, 4, 7, 4
-- 4, 4, 12, 4
-- from there we can select the n-th element on the position: count div 2 + 1
根据魔术贴的答案，对于那些必须根据另一个参数分组的东西做中位数的人来说
SELECT grp_field, t1。val FROM ( SELECT grp_field， @rownum:=IF(@s = grp_field， @rownum + 1,0) AS row_number， @s:=IF(@s = grp_field， @s, grp_field) AS sec, d.val FROM data d， (SELECT @rownum:=0， @s:=0 ORDER BY grp_field, d.val )作为t1 JOIN ( SELECT grp_field, count(*)为total_rows 数据d GROUP BY grp_field )为t2 在t1。Grp_field = t2.grp_field 在t1.row_number =地板(total_rows / 2) + 1;
您可以使用窗口函数row_number()来回答查询以找到介质
select val
from (select val, row_number() over (order by val) as rownumber, x.cnt
from data, (select count(*) as cnt from data) x) abc
where rownumber=ceil(cnt/2);
set @r = 0;
select
case when mod(c,2)=0 then round(sum(lat_N),4)
else round(sum(lat_N)/2,4)
end as Med
from
(select lat_N, @r := @r+1, @r as id from station order by lat_N) A
cross join
(select (count(1)+1)/2 as c from station) B
where id >= floor(c) and id <=ceil(c)
我发现接受的解决方案在我的MySQL安装上不起作用，返回一个空集，但这个查询在我测试的所有情况下都适用:
SELECT x.val from data x, data y
GROUP BY x.val
HAVING SUM(SIGN(1-SIGN(y.val-x.val)))/COUNT(*) > .5
LIMIT 1
