提交的SHA1哈希值相当于Subversion修订号。

我编写了一些PowerShell实用程序，用于从Git中检索版本信息并简化标记

函数:Get-LastVersion, Get-Revision, Get-NextMajorVersion, Get-NextMinorVersion, TagNextMajorVersion, TagNextMinorVersion:

# Returns the last version by analysing existing tags,
# assumes an initial tag is present, and
# assumes tags are named v{major}.{minor}.[{revision}]
#
function Get-LastVersion(){
  $lastTagCommit = git rev-list --tags --max-count=1
  $lastTag = git describe --tags $lastTagCommit
  $tagPrefix = "v"
  $versionString = $lastTag -replace "$tagPrefix", ""
  Write-Host -NoNewline "last tagged commit "
  Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor "yellow" $lastTag
  Write-Host -NoNewline " revision "
  Write-Host -ForegroundColor "yellow" "$lastTagCommit"
  [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")

  $version = New-Object System.Version($versionString)
  return $version;
}

# Returns current revision by counting the number of commits to HEAD
function Get-Revision(){
   $lastTagCommit = git rev-list HEAD
   $revs  = git rev-list $lastTagCommit |  Measure-Object -Line
   return $revs.Lines
}

# Returns the next major version {major}.{minor}.{revision}
function Get-NextMajorVersion(){
    $version = Get-LastVersion;
    [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")
    [int] $major = $version.Major+1;
    $rev = Get-Revision
    $nextMajor = New-Object System.Version($major, 0, $rev);
    return $nextMajor;
}

# Returns the next minor version {major}.{minor}.{revision}
function Get-NextMinorVersion(){
    $version = Get-LastVersion;
    [reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Version")
    [int] $minor = $version.Minor+1;
    $rev = Get-Revision
    $next = New-Object System.Version($version.Major, $minor, $rev);
    return $next;
}

# Creates a tag with the next minor version
function TagNextMinorVersion($tagMessage){
    $version = Get-NextMinorVersion;
    $tagName = "v{0}" -f "$version".Trim();
    Write-Host -NoNewline "Tagging next minor version to ";
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkYellow "$tagName";
    git tag -a $tagName -m $tagMessage
}

# Creates a tag with the next major version (minor version starts again at 0)
function TagNextMajorVersion($tagMessage){
    $version = Get-NextMajorVersion;
    $tagName = "v{0}" -f "$version".Trim();
    Write-Host -NoNewline "Tagging next majo version to ";
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor DarkYellow "$tagName";
    git tag -a $tagName -m $tagMessage
}

提交的SHA1哈希值相当于Subversion修订号。

如果你感兴趣，我在这里的格式下从git信息自动管理版本号

<major>.<minor>.<patch>-b<build>

其中build是提交的总数。您将在Makefile中看到有趣的代码。下面是相关部分访问不同部分的版本号:

LAST_TAG_COMMIT = $(shell git rev-list --tags --max-count=1)
LAST_TAG = $(shell git describe --tags $(LAST_TAG_COMMIT) )
TAG_PREFIX = "latex-tutorial-v"

VERSION  = $(shell head VERSION)
# OR try to guess directly from the last git tag
#VERSION    = $(shell  git describe --tags $(LAST_TAG_COMMIT) | sed "s/^$(TAG_PREFIX)//")
MAJOR      = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed "s/^\([0-9]*\).*/\1/")
MINOR      = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed "s/[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\).*/\1/")
PATCH      = $(shell echo $(VERSION) | sed "s/[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\).*/\1/")
# total number of commits       
BUILD      = $(shell git log --oneline | wc -l | sed -e "s/[ \t]*//g")

#REVISION   = $(shell git rev-list $(LAST_TAG).. --count)
#ROOTDIR    = $(shell git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
NEXT_MAJOR_VERSION = $(shell expr $(MAJOR) + 1).0.0-b$(BUILD)
NEXT_MINOR_VERSION = $(MAJOR).$(shell expr $(MINOR) + 1).0-b$(BUILD)
NEXT_PATCH_VERSION = $(MAJOR).$(MINOR).$(shell expr $(PATCH) + 1)-b$(BUILD)

我们使用这个命令从git中获取版本和修订:

git describe --always --tags --dirty

它返回

当没有使用标记时提交哈希作为修订(例如gcc7b71f) 当标签上的标签名称为版本时(例如v2.1.0，用于版本) 标签名称，自上一个标签以来的修订号，以及在标签之后提交哈希(例如v5.3.0-88-gcc7b71f) 如果工作树有局部修改(例如v5.3.0-88-gcc7b71f-dirty)，则与上述相同，加上“dirty”标签。

参见:https://www.git-scm.com/docs/git-describe#Documentation/git-describe.txt

每个提交都有一个唯一的散列。除此之外，git中没有修订号。如果您想要更加用户友好，就必须自己标记提交。