不过你得小心点。如果你只看拉丁语言，在你的介绍中没有清楚地说出来。如果您仅使用ascii字符对某些单词进行消毒，它们可能会变得毫无意义或具有其他含义。

假设你有“forêt poésie”(森林诗歌)，你的消毒可能会给“堡垒-posie”(强大+无意义的东西)

如果你必须处理汉字，那就更糟了。

“下北沢”您的系统可能最终会执行“——”，这注定会在一段时间后失败，而且没有多大帮助。因此，如果您只处理文件，我建议您将它们称为您控制的通用链，或者保持字符原样。对于uri，大致相同。

This whitelist approach (ie, allowing only the chars present in valid_chars) will work if there aren't limits on the formatting of the files or combination of valid chars that are illegal (like ".."), for example, what you say would allow a filename named " . txt" which I think is not valid on Windows. As this is the most simple approach I'd try to remove whitespace from the valid_chars and prepend a known valid string in case of error, any other approach will have to know about what is allowed where to cope with Windows file naming limitations and thus be a lot more complex.

>>> import string
>>> valid_chars = "-_.() %s%s" % (string.ascii_letters, string.digits)
>>> valid_chars
'-_.() abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
>>> filename = "This Is a (valid) - filename%$&$ .txt"
>>> ''.join(c for c in filename if c in valid_chars)
'This Is a (valid) - filename .txt'

使用字符串作为文件名的原因是什么?如果人类的可读性不是一个因素，我会使用base64模块，它可以产生文件系统安全字符串。它是不可读的，但你不需要处理碰撞，而且它是可逆的。

import base64
file_name_string = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(your_string)

更新:根据Matthew的评论修改。

给，这应该涵盖了所有的基础。它为您处理所有类型的问题，包括(但不限于)字符替换。

适用于Windows、*nix和几乎所有其他文件系统。只允许打印字符。

def txt2filename(txt, chr_set='normal'):
    """Converts txt to a valid Windows/*nix filename with printable characters only.

    args:
        txt: The str to convert.
        chr_set: 'normal', 'universal', or 'inclusive'.
            'universal':    ' -.0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
            'normal':       Every printable character exept those disallowed on Windows/*nix.
            'extended':     All 'normal' characters plus the extended character ASCII codes 128-255
    """

    FILLER = '-'

    # Step 1: Remove excluded characters.
    if chr_set == 'universal':
        # Lookups in a set are O(n) vs O(n * x) for a str.
        printables = set(' -.0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
    else:
        if chr_set == 'normal':
            max_chr = 127
        elif chr_set == 'extended':
            max_chr = 256
        else:
            raise ValueError(f'The chr_set argument may be normal, extended or universal; not {chr_set=}')
        EXCLUDED_CHRS = set(r'<>:"/\|?*')               # Illegal characters in Windows filenames.
        EXCLUDED_CHRS.update(chr(127))                  # DEL (non-printable).
        printables = set(chr(x)
                         for x in range(32, max_chr)
                         if chr(x) not in EXCLUDED_CHRS)
    result = ''.join(x if x in printables else FILLER   # Allow printable characters only.
                     for x in txt)

    # Step 2: Device names, '.', and '..' are invalid filenames in Windows.
    DEVICE_NAMES = 'CON,PRN,AUX,NUL,COM1,COM2,COM3,COM4,' \
                   'COM5,COM6,COM7,COM8,COM9,LPT1,LPT2,' \
                   'LPT3,LPT4,LPT5,LPT6,LPT7,LPT8,LPT9,' \
                   'CONIN$,CONOUT$,..,.'.split()        # This list is an O(n) operation.
    if result in DEVICE_NAMES:
        result = f'-{result}-'

    # Step 3: Maximum length of filename is 255 bytes in Windows and Linux (other *nix flavors may allow longer names).
    result = result[:255]

    # Step 4: Windows does not allow filenames to end with '.' or ' ' or begin with ' '.
    result = re.sub(r'^[. ]', FILLER, result)
    result = re.sub(r' $', FILLER, result)

    return result

这个解决方案不需要外部库。它也替代了不可打印的文件名，因为它们并不总是容易处理。

Github上有个不错的项目叫python-slugify:

安装:

pip install python-slugify

然后使用:

>>> from slugify import slugify
>>> txt = "This\ is/ a%#$ test ---"
>>> slugify(txt)
'this-is-a-test'

>>> import string
>>> safechars = bytearray(('_-.()' + string.digits + string.ascii_letters).encode())
>>> allchars = bytearray(range(0x100))
>>> deletechars = bytearray(set(allchars) - set(safechars))
>>> filename = u'#ab\xa0c.$%.txt'
>>> safe_filename = filename.encode('ascii', 'ignore').translate(None, deletechars).decode()
>>> safe_filename
'abc..txt'

它不处理空字符串，特殊文件名('nul'， 'con'等)。