在Django表单中,我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?

当使用表单创建新条目时,应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时,某些字段需要为只读。

例如,当创建一个新的Item模型时,所有字段都必须是可编辑的,但是在更新记录时,是否有一种方法禁用sku字段,使其可见,但不能编辑?

class Item(models.Model):
    sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)


class ItemForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Item
        exclude = ('added_by')

def new_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Validate and save
    else:
            form = ItemForm()
    # Render the view

ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?

def update_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
        # Validate and save
    else:
        form = ItemUpdateForm()

当前回答

由于我还不能评论(muhuk的解决方案),我将单独回答。这是一个完整的代码示例,适用于我:

def clean_sku(self):
  if self.instance and self.instance.pk:
    return self.instance.sku
  else:
    return self.cleaned_data['sku']

其他回答

你可以这样做:

检查请求是否更新或保存一个新对象。 如果请求更新,则禁用字段sku。 如果请求是添加一个新对象,那么您必须在不禁用字段sku的情况下呈现表单。

这里有一个如何这样做的例子。

class Item(models.Model):
    sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)


class ItemForm(ModelForm):
    def disable_sku_field(self):
        elf.fields['sku'].widget.attrs['readonly'] = True

    class Meta:
        model = Item
        exclude = ('added_by')

def new_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Just create an object or instance of the form.
        # Validate and save
    else:
            form = ItemForm()
    # Render the view

def update_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Just create an object or instance of the form.
        # Validate and save
    else:
        form = ItemForm()
        form.disable_sku_field() # call the method that will disable field.

    # Render the view with the form that will have the `sku` field disabled on it.

下面是一个稍微复杂一点的版本,基于christophe31的回答。它不依赖于“readonly”属性。这使得它的问题,如选择框仍然是可变的,数据提取器仍然弹出,消失了。

相反,它将表单字段小部件包装在只读小部件中,从而使表单仍然有效。原始小部件的内容显示在<span class="hidden"></span>标记中。如果小部件具有render_readonly()方法,它将其用作可见文本,否则它将解析原始小部件的HTML并尝试猜测最佳表示。

import django.forms.widgets as f
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

def make_readonly(form):
    """
    Makes all fields on the form readonly and prevents it from POST hacks.
    """

    def _get_cleaner(_form, field):
        def clean_field():
            return getattr(_form.instance, field, None)
        return clean_field

    for field_name in form.fields.keys():
        form.fields[field_name].widget = ReadOnlyWidget(
            initial_widget=form.fields[field_name].widget)
        setattr(form, "clean_" + field_name, 
                _get_cleaner(form, field_name))

    form.is_readonly = True

class ReadOnlyWidget(f.Select):
    """
    Renders the content of the initial widget in a hidden <span>. If the
    initial widget has a ``render_readonly()`` method it uses that as display
    text, otherwise it tries to guess by parsing the html of the initial widget.
    """

    def __init__(self, initial_widget, *args, **kwargs):
        self.initial_widget = initial_widget
        super(ReadOnlyWidget, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
        def guess_readonly_text(original_content):
            root = etree.fromstring("<span>%s</span>" % original_content)

            for element in root:
                if element.tag == 'input':
                    return element.get('value')

                if element.tag == 'select':
                    for option in element:
                        if option.get('selected'):
                            return option.text

                if element.tag == 'textarea':
                    return element.text

            return "N/A"

        original_content = self.initial_widget.render(*args, **kwargs)
        try:
            readonly_text = self.initial_widget.render_readonly(*args, **kwargs)
        except AttributeError:
            readonly_text = guess_readonly_text(original_content)

        return mark_safe("""<span class="hidden">%s</span>%s""" % (
            original_content, readonly_text))

# Usage example 1.
self.fields['my_field'].widget = ReadOnlyWidget(self.fields['my_field'].widget)

# Usage example 2.
form = MyForm()
make_readonly(form)

对于Admin版本,如果你有多个字段,我认为这是一个更紧凑的方式:

def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):
    skips = ('sku', 'other_field')
    fields = super(ItemAdmin, self).get_readonly_fields(request, obj)

    if not obj:
        return [field for field in fields if not field in skips]
    return fields

再一次,我将提供另一个解决方案:)我正在使用Humphrey的代码,所以这是基于它。

但是,我遇到了一个ModelChoiceField字段的问题。对于第一个请求,一切都会正常工作。但是,如果表单集试图添加一个新项,但验证失败,那么“现有”表单就出了问题,其中SELECTED选项被重置为默认的---------。

总之,我不知道怎么解决这个问题。所以相反,(我认为这实际上是更干净的形式),我使字段HiddenInputField()。这只是意味着您必须在模板中多做一些工作。

所以我的解决方案是简化表单:

class ItemForm(ModelForm):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ItemForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None)
        if instance and instance.id:
            self.fields['sku'].widget=HiddenInput()

然后在模板中,您需要对该格式集进行一些手动循环。

所以,在这种情况下,你会在模板中做这样的事情:

<div>
    {{ form.instance.sku }} <!-- This prints the value -->
    {{ form }} <!-- Prints form normally, and makes the hidden input -->
</div>

这对我来说工作得更好一点,而且形式操作更少。

如果你使用的是Django version < 1.9(1.9添加了Field. conf)。禁用属性),你可以尝试向你的form __init__方法添加以下装饰器:

def bound_data_readonly(_, initial):
    return initial


def to_python_readonly(field):
    native_to_python = field.to_python

    def to_python_filed(_):
        return native_to_python(field.initial)

    return to_python_filed


def disable_read_only_fields(init_method):

    def init_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        self = args[0]
        init_method(*args, **kwargs)
        for field in self.fields.values():
            if field.widget.attrs.get('readonly', None):
                field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = True
                setattr(field, 'bound_data', bound_data_readonly)
                setattr(field, 'to_python', to_python_readonly(field))

    return init_wrapper


class YourForm(forms.ModelForm):

    @disable_read_only_fields
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ...

主要思想是,如果字段是只读的,你不需要任何其他值,除了初始值。

注:不要忘记设置yuor_form_field.widget。attrs['readonly'] = True