比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
比如,我有一个脚本,用这行代码调用:
./myscript -vfd ./foo/bar/someFile -o /fizz/someOtherFile
或者这个:
./myscript -v -f -d -o /fizz/someOtherFile ./foo/bar/someFile
什么是公认的解析方式,以便在每种情况下(或两者的某种组合)$v、$f和$d都将设置为true,而$outFile将等于/fiz/someOtherFile?
当前回答
混合位置和基于标志的参数
--param=arg(等于分隔符)
在位置参数之间自由混合标志:
./script.sh dumbo 127.0.0.1 --environment=production -q -d
./script.sh dumbo --environment=production 127.0.0.1 --quiet -d
可以用相当简洁的方法完成:
# process flags
pointer=1
while [[ $pointer -le $# ]]; do
param=${!pointer}
if [[ $param != "-"* ]]; then ((pointer++)) # not a parameter flag so advance pointer
else
case $param in
# paramter-flags with arguments
-e=*|--environment=*) environment="${param#*=}";;
--another=*) another="${param#*=}";;
# binary flags
-q|--quiet) quiet=true;;
-d) debug=true;;
esac
# splice out pointer frame from positional list
[[ $pointer -gt 1 ]] \
&& set -- ${@:1:((pointer - 1))} ${@:((pointer + 1)):$#} \
|| set -- ${@:((pointer + 1)):$#};
fi
done
# positional remain
node_name=$1
ip_address=$2
--参数arg(空格分隔)
通常情况下,不混合--flag=value和--flag值样式会更清晰。
./script.sh dumbo 127.0.0.1 --environment production -q -d
这读起来有点冒险,但仍然有效
./script.sh dumbo --environment production 127.0.0.1 --quiet -d
来源
# process flags
pointer=1
while [[ $pointer -le $# ]]; do
if [[ ${!pointer} != "-"* ]]; then ((pointer++)) # not a parameter flag so advance pointer
else
param=${!pointer}
((pointer_plus = pointer + 1))
slice_len=1
case $param in
# paramter-flags with arguments
-e|--environment) environment=${!pointer_plus}; ((slice_len++));;
--another) another=${!pointer_plus}; ((slice_len++));;
# binary flags
-q|--quiet) quiet=true;;
-d) debug=true;;
esac
# splice out pointer frame from positional list
[[ $pointer -gt 1 ]] \
&& set -- ${@:1:((pointer - 1))} ${@:((pointer + $slice_len)):$#} \
|| set -- ${@:((pointer + $slice_len)):$#};
fi
done
# positional remain
node_name=$1
ip_address=$2
其他回答
这也可能很有用:您可以设置一个值,如果有人提供输入,则使用该值覆盖默认值。
myscript.sh-f/serverlist.txt或只是/myscript.sh(它采用默认值)
#!/bin/bash
# --- set the value, if there is inputs, override the defaults.
HOME_FOLDER="${HOME}/owned_id_checker"
SERVER_FILE_LIST="${HOME_FOLDER}/server_list.txt"
while [[ $# > 1 ]]
do
key="$1"
shift
case $key in
-i|--inputlist)
SERVER_FILE_LIST="$1"
shift
;;
esac
done
echo "SERVER LIST = ${SERVER_FILE_LIST}"
如果您正在制作可与其他实用程序互换的脚本,下面的灵活性可能很有用。
以下任一项:
command -x=myfilename.ext --another_switch
Or:
command -x myfilename.ext --another_switch
代码如下:
STD_IN=0
prefix=""
key=""
value=""
for keyValue in "$@"
do
case "${prefix}${keyValue}" in
-i=*|--input_filename=*) key="-i"; value="${keyValue#*=}";;
-ss=*|--seek_from=*) key="-ss"; value="${keyValue#*=}";;
-t=*|--play_seconds=*) key="-t"; value="${keyValue#*=}";;
-|--stdin) key="-"; value=1;;
*) value=$keyValue;;
esac
case $key in
-i) MOVIE=$(resolveMovie "${value}"); prefix=""; key="";;
-ss) SEEK_FROM="${value}"; prefix=""; key="";;
-t) PLAY_SECONDS="${value}"; prefix=""; key="";;
-) STD_IN=${value}; prefix=""; key="";;
*) prefix="${keyValue}=";;
esac
done
来自digitalpeer.com,稍作修改:
用法myscript.sh-p=my_prefix-s=dirname-l=libname
#!/bin/bash
for i in "$@"
do
case $i in
-p=*|--prefix=*)
PREFIX="${i#*=}"
;;
-s=*|--searchpath=*)
SEARCHPATH="${i#*=}"
;;
-l=*|--lib=*)
DIR="${i#*=}"
;;
--default)
DEFAULT=YES
;;
*)
# unknown option
;;
esac
done
echo PREFIX = ${PREFIX}
echo SEARCH PATH = ${SEARCHPATH}
echo DIRS = ${DIR}
echo DEFAULT = ${DEFAULT}
要更好地理解${i#*=},请在本指南中搜索“Substring Removal”。它在功能上等同于调用一个不需要的子流程的‘sed’s/[^=]*=//'<<<“$i”`或调用两个不需要子流程的“echo”$i”|sed’s/[^=]*=//'`。
我使用前面的答案作为一个起点来整理我以前的即席参数解析。然后我重构了以下模板代码。它使用=或空格分隔的参数以及组合在一起的多个短参数来处理长参数和短参数。最后,它将所有非参数参数重新插入到$1,$2..变量中。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# NOTICE: Uncomment if your script depends on bashisms.
#if [ -z "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then bash $0 $@ ; exit $? ; fi
echo "Before"
for i ; do echo - $i ; done
# Code template for parsing command line parameters using only portable shell
# code, while handling both long and short params, handling '-f file' and
# '-f=file' style param data and also capturing non-parameters to be inserted
# back into the shell positional parameters.
while [ -n "$1" ]; do
# Copy so we can modify it (can't modify $1)
OPT="$1"
# Detect argument termination
if [ x"$OPT" = x"--" ]; then
shift
for OPT ; do
REMAINS="$REMAINS \"$OPT\""
done
break
fi
# Parse current opt
while [ x"$OPT" != x"-" ] ; do
case "$OPT" in
# Handle --flag=value opts like this
-c=* | --config=* )
CONFIGFILE="${OPT#*=}"
shift
;;
# and --flag value opts like this
-c* | --config )
CONFIGFILE="$2"
shift
;;
-f* | --force )
FORCE=true
;;
-r* | --retry )
RETRY=true
;;
# Anything unknown is recorded for later
* )
REMAINS="$REMAINS \"$OPT\""
break
;;
esac
# Check for multiple short options
# NOTICE: be sure to update this pattern to match valid options
NEXTOPT="${OPT#-[cfr]}" # try removing single short opt
if [ x"$OPT" != x"$NEXTOPT" ] ; then
OPT="-$NEXTOPT" # multiple short opts, keep going
else
break # long form, exit inner loop
fi
done
# Done with that param. move to next
shift
done
# Set the non-parameters back into the positional parameters ($1 $2 ..)
eval set -- $REMAINS
echo -e "After: \n configfile='$CONFIGFILE' \n force='$FORCE' \n retry='$RETRY' \n remains='$REMAINS'"
for i ; do echo - $i ; done
这里有一个getopts,它用最少的代码实现解析,并允许您在一种情况下使用eval和substring定义要提取的内容。
基本上eval“local key='val'”
function myrsync() {
local backup=("${@}") args=(); while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do k="$1";
case "$k" in
---sourceuser|---sourceurl|---targetuser|---targeturl|---file|---exclude|---include)
eval "local ${k:3}='${2}'"; shift; shift # Past two arguments
;;
*) # Unknown option
args+=("$1"); shift; # Past argument only
;;
esac
done; set -- "${backup[@]}" # Restore $@
echo "${sourceurl}"
}
在这里,将变量声明为局部变量,而不是全局变量。
调用为:
myrsync ---sourceurl http://abc.def.g ---sourceuser myuser ...
${k:3}基本上是一个从键中删除第一个---的子字符串。