import netifaces as ni 

ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
ip = ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[ni.AF_INET][0]['addr']
print(ip)

这将返回你的IP地址在Ubuntu系统和MacOS。输出将是系统IP地址，如我的IP: 192.168.1.10。

在Debian上(经过测试)，我怀疑大多数Linux ..

import commands

RetMyIP = commands.getoutput("hostname -I")

在MS Windows上(已测试)

import socket

socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

要获取ip地址，可以直接在python中使用shell命令:

import socket, subprocess

def get_ip_and_hostname():
    hostname =  socket.gethostname()

    shell_cmd = "ifconfig | awk '/inet addr/{print substr($2,6)}'"
    proc = subprocess.Popen([shell_cmd], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
    (out, err) = proc.communicate()

    ip_list = out.split('\n')
    ip = ip_list[0]

    for _ip in ip_list:
        try:
            if _ip != "127.0.0.1" and _ip.split(".")[3] != "1":
                ip = _ip
        except:
            pass
    return ip, hostname

ip_addr, hostname = get_ip_and_hostname()

稍微改进了使用IP命令的命令版本，并返回IPv4和IPv6地址:

import commands,re,socket

#A generator that returns stripped lines of output from "ip address show"
iplines=(line.strip() for line in commands.getoutput("ip address show").split('\n'))

#Turn that into a list of IPv4 and IPv6 address/mask strings
addresses1=reduce(lambda a,v:a+v,(re.findall(r"inet ([\d.]+/\d+)",line)+re.findall(r"inet6 ([\:\da-f]+/\d+)",line) for line in iplines))
#addresses1 now looks like ['127.0.0.1/8', '::1/128', '10.160.114.60/23', 'fe80::1031:3fff:fe00:6dce/64']

#Get a list of IPv4 addresses as (IPstring,subnetsize) tuples
ipv4s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if '.' in addr)]
#ipv4s now looks like [('127.0.0.1', 8), ('10.160.114.60', 23)]

#Get IPv6 addresses
ipv6s=[(ip,int(subnet)) for ip,subnet in (addr.split('/') for addr in addresses1 if ':' in addr)]

另一个变体的前面的答案，可以保存到一个名为my-ip-to的可执行脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys, socket

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    for remote_host in sys.argv[1:]:
        # determine local host ip by outgoing test to another host
        # use port 9 (discard protocol - RFC 863) over UDP4
        with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
            s.connect((remote_host, 9))
            my_ip = s.getsockname()[0]
            print(my_ip, flush=True)
else:
    import platform

    my_name = platform.node()
    my_ip = socket.gethostbyname(my_name)
    print(my_ip)

它需要任意数量的远程主机，并打印出本地ip，逐个到达它们:

$ my-ip-to z.cn g.cn localhost
192.168.11.102
192.168.11.102
127.0.0.1
$

并在没有给出arg时打印best-bet。

$ my-ip-to
192.168.11.102

一台计算机可以有多个网络接口(包括您提到的本地环回127.0.0.1)。就操作系统而言，它也是一个“真实IP地址”。

如果你想跟踪所有的接口，看看下面的Python包，参见:http://alastairs-place.net/netifaces/

我认为，如果您从主机文件中删除环回条目，就可以避免gethostbyname返回127.0.0.1。(有待核实)。