You probably mean template method pattern. You are right, they serve very similar needs. I would say it is better to use template method in cases when you have a "template" algorithm having defined steps where subclasses override these steps to change some details. In case of strategy, you need to create an interface, and instead of inheritance you are using delegation. I would say it is a bit more powerful pattern and maybe better in accordance to DIP - dependency inversion principles. It is more powerful because you clearly define a new abstraction of strategy - a way of doing something, which does not apply to template method. So, if this abstraction makes sense - use it. However, using template method may give you simpler designs in simple cases, which is also important. Consider which words fit better: do you have a template algorithm? Or is the key thing here that you have an abstraction of strategy - new way of doing something

模板方法的例子:

Application.main()
{
Init();
Run();
Done();
}

这里你继承了application，并替换了init, run和done的操作。

策略的例子:

array.sort (IComparer<T> comparer)

在这里，当编写比较器时，您不继承数组。数组将比较算法委托给比较器。

它们都是不同的技术来达到相同的结果，所以问题是在什么时候使用哪一种。

If you are using a framework or library which you do not have access to the source code and you want to change some behaviors of a class, so you have to go for Template Method. That means inheritance simply. If you are developing a class and it is obvious that some parts of the logic needs to be implemented differently to handle various situations, take the Strategy pattern. Strategy is more SOLID than the Template Method. It covers both Dependency Inversion and Open/Close principles. So it is extendable and also easily testable. If you are developing a class and you do not know what changes will happen in the future, divide your logic into separate and single responsible functions as much as possible. Just that. (Neither Template Method nor Strategy).

两者的主要区别在于具体算法的选择。

对于Template方法模式，这是在编译时通过子类化模板实现的。每个子类通过实现模板的抽象方法提供不同的具体算法。当客户端调用模板外部接口的方法时，模板会根据需要调用它的抽象方法(内部接口)来调用算法。

class ConcreteAlgorithm : AbstractTemplate
{
    void DoAlgorithm(int datum) {...}
}

class AbstractTemplate
{
    void run(int datum) { DoAlgorithm(datum); }

    virtual void DoAlgorithm() = 0; // abstract
}

相反，策略模式允许在运行时通过包含来选择算法。具体算法由单独的类或函数实现，这些类或函数作为参数传递给策略的构造函数或setter方法。为这个参数选择哪种算法可以根据程序的状态或输入动态变化。

class ConcreteAlgorithm : IAlgorithm
{
    void DoAlgorithm(int datum) {...}
}

class Strategy
{
    Strategy(IAlgorithm algo) {...}

    void run(int datum) { this->algo.DoAlgorithm(datum); }
}

总而言之:

模板方法模式:通过子类化来选择编译时算法 策略模式:通过包容选择运行时算法

继承与聚合(is-a与has-a)。这是实现同一目标的两种方法。

这个问题显示了选择之间的一些权衡:继承还是聚合

模板方法模式善于阐明算法的整体步骤，而策略模式适合灵活性和可重用性，因此如果需要，可以将策略组合在一起，例如:jdk8中的许多功能接口，如Comparator.reversed().那么比较(Comparator)是策略的一个角色。

模板方法模式侧重于更高的内聚性，而策略模式则与上下文对象松散耦合以分离关注点。

策略易于维护，因为上下文不知道具体的策略，无论主要算法在上下文中发生什么变化都不会影响策略。另一方面，如果在抽象模板类中改变算法的框架，可能会影响其子类的升级。

模板模式类似于策略模式。这两种模式在范围和方法上有所不同。

策略用于允许调用者改变整个算法，比如如何计算不同类型的税，而模板方法用于改变算法中的步骤。因此，策略的粒度更粗。模板允许在操作序列中进行细粒度的控制，但允许这些细节的实现有所不同。

另一个主要区别是策略使用委托，而模板方法使用继承。在Strategy中，算法被委托给主题将引用的另一个xxxStrategy类，但在Template中，您可以继承基类并重写方法来进行更改。

从http://cyruscrypt.blogspot.com/2005/07/template-vs-strategy-patterns.html